The Degree In Tourism At University Of Extremadura: Are Its Specific Competencies Being Highly Valued By Firms And Professionals?

In 2008, the University of Extremadura adapted their degrees in tourism in order to offer from the academic year 20092010 a full education in this area within which students can receive the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) Degree in Tourism.The current framework for higher education, characterised by a more open offering, has, as its main aim, a greater rapprochement of the competencies and skills achieved by students and those that are demanded by the labor market and society in general. Because of this, the paper examines whether these new degrees will provide the expected results. The methodology used consists of a questionnaire distributed among the main institutions and professionals from Extremadura about specific competencies of Tourism studies

Effects of age, sex and treatment on weight loss dynamics in obese people.

Evaluar cómo el sexo, la edad y el tipo de tratamiento seguido afectan a la pérdida de peso y explicar la dinámica de pérdida de peso en hombres y mujeres obesos

Controlled exercise as a tool for preventing obesity and metabolic diseases in Arg64 carrier women.

Genética y ejercicio

Predicting Peak Oxygen Uptake From the 6-Minute Walk Test in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension

To determine whether the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is a predictor of peak oxygen uptake (V˙o2) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH)

Influence of ADRB2 Gln27Glu and ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphisms on body weight and body composition changes after a controlled weight-loss intervention

The ?-2 and ?-3 adrenergic receptors (ADRB2 and ADRB3) are thought to play a role in energy expenditure and lipolysis. However, the effects of the ADRB2 glutamine (Gln) 27 glutamic acid (glutamate) (Glu) and ADRB3 tryptophan (Trp) 64 arginine (Arg) polymorphisms on weight loss remain controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of these polymorphisms on changes in weight and body composition during a controlled weight-loss program. One hundred seventy-three healthy overweight and obese participants (91 women, 82 men) aged 18?50 years participated in a 22-week-long intervention based on a hypocaloric diet and exercise. They were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: strength, endurance, strength and endurance combined, and physical activity recommendations only. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), and body composition variables were assessed before and after the intervention. Genetic analysis was carried out according to standard protocols. No effect of the ADRB2 gene was shown on final weight, BMI, or body composition, although in the supervised male group, Glu27 carriers tended to have greater weight (p = 0.019, 2.5 kg) and BMI (p = 0.019, 0.88 kg/m2) reductions than did noncarriers. There seems to be an individual effect of the ADRB3 polymorphism on fat mass (p = 0.004) and fat percentage (p = 0.036), in addition to an interaction with exercise for fat mass (p = 0.038). After the intervention, carriers of the Arg64 allele had a greater fat mass and fat percentage than did noncarriers (p = 0.004, 2.8 kg). In conclusion, the ADRB2 Gln27Glu and ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphisms may influence weight loss and body composition, although the current evidence is weak; however, further studies are necessary to clarify their roles

Discriminant models to estimate the body weight loss after a six-month long diet and exercise-based intervention

Discriminant models to estimate the body weight loss after a six-month long diet and exercise-based interventio

Systemic iron homeostasis in female athletes: hepcidin, exercise and sex influence

Iron is necessary for adequate deliver oxygen to the tissues since it is an essential component of the haemoglobin. However, iron deficiency remains a common problem among athletes, particularly for women experiencing the menstrual bleeding every month. The iron losses through menstrual blood loss during the early follicular phase (or menses) and an inadequate dietary intake of iron are two important factors contributing to this disease. Furthermore, the large hormonal changes that women experience along the menstrual cycle, especially in oestrogen and progesterone may influence on the optimization of iron absorption. Iron absorption is mainly mediated by hepcidin hormone, which seems to be affected by several stimulus and factors such as oestrogen and progesterone concentrations. Moreover, the regular practice of exercise is another important modulator of this hormone. Therefore, premenopausal active females are the most susceptible population to develop an iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia, affecting their health and performance due to the less iron availability within the body and consequently a reduction of haemoglobin which compromise the oxygen transport. To date, most studies have not explored the acute post-exercise hepcidin response taking endogenous and exogenous sexual hormones influence into account. El hierro es necesario para suministrar adecuadamente el oxígeno a los tejidos, ya que es un componente esencial de la hemoglobina. Sin embargo, la deficiencia de hierro sigue siendo un problema común entre los atletas, particularmente para las mujeres que experimentan el sangrado menstrual cada mes. Las pérdidas de hierro producidas tras la el sangrado menstrual durante la fase folicular temprana (o menstruación), además de una ingesta dietética inadecuada de hierro son dos factores importantes que contribuyen a esta enfermedad. Además, los grandes cambios hormonales que experimentan las mujeres a lo largo del ciclo menstrual, especialmente en el estrógeno y la progesterona, pueden influir en la optimización de la absorción de hierro. La absorción de hierro está mediada principalmente por la hormona hepcidina, que parece verse afectada por varios estímulos y factores como las concentraciones de estrógeno y progesterona. Además, la práctica regular de ejercicio es otro importante modulador de esta hormona. Por lo tanto, las mujeres activas premenopáusicas son la población más susceptible de desarrollar una deficiencia de hierro o anemia ferropénica, lo que afecta a su salud y rendimiento debido a la menor disponibilidad de hierro en el cuerpo y en consecuencia, a la reducción de la hemoglobina que compromete el transporte de oxígeno. Hasta la fecha, la mayoría de los estudios no han explorado la respuesta aguda de la hepcidina después del ejercicio teniendo en cuenta la influencia de las hormonas sexuales endógenas y exógenas

Do the changes in acid-base status and respiratory gas exchange explain the voluntary termination of a test performed above the maximum lactate steady state? = ¿Pueden los cambios del estado ácido-base e intercambio de gases respiratorios explicar el abandono de una prueba realizada por encima del máximo estado estable de lactato?

Stress tests at a constant load have been a great subject of interest for physiologists to analyze the factors which lead to voluntary termination. Several factors are responsible for voluntary termination in such efforts. The objective of this work was to study if any of the respiratory gas exchange and acid-base status variables could justify fatigue during a constant load test performed above maximum lactate steady state. Twelve amateur road cyclists performed a 30 min test on a road bicycle at an intensity of 5% above maximal lactate steady state (MLSS5%). Gas exchange and acid-base data were analyzed at rest and at 5, 10 and 15 min during the test. A two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures was conducted to test the effect of time and group (An alpha of 0.05 was used as the level of statistical significance for all analyses). The group that did not finished the MLSS5% (N-MLSS5%) started from a more pronounced state of metabolic acidosis than the group that ended the test (Y-MLSS5%) (44,6 versus 41,7 nm/l H+) (F1,9 = 9.43, P = .013; η2 = 0.51). During the test, the acid-base status was greater in the N-MLSS group than the Y-MLSS group (at 15 min, 44,3 for the Y-MLSS group and 49,2 for the N-MLSS group). Neither of the two groups showed an altered ventilation perfusion ratio, estimated by the VD/VT relationship, although the behaviour of PET CO2 could suggest this outcome. A change in the breathing pattern (VT/Ti) does not explain the termination of steady exercise in the N-MLSS group. In conclusion the results of this study do not explain the voluntary termination of exercise in a group of cyclists (N-MLSS) that made a steady effort over the maximal lactate steady state. This finding reinforces the hypothesis that fatigue occurs due to an integration of the afferent feedback of various physiological systems

Do the changes in acid-base status and respiratory gas exchange explain the voluntary termination of a test performed above the maximum lactate steady state? = ¿Pueden los cambios del estado ácido-base e intercambio de gases respiratorios explicar el abandono de una prueba realizada por encima del máximo estado estable de lactato?

Stress tests at a constant load have been a great subject of interest for physiologists to analyze the factors which lead to voluntary termination. Several factors are responsible for voluntary termination in such efforts. The objective of this work was to study if any of the respiratory gas exchange and acid-base status variables could justify fatigue during a constant load test performed above maximum lactate steady state. Twelve amateur road cyclists performed a 30 min test on a road bicycle at an intensity of 5% above maximal lactate steady state (MLSS5%). Gas exchange and acid-base data were analyzed at rest and at 5, 10 and 15 min during the test. A two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures was conducted to test the effect of time and group (An alpha of 0.05 was used as the level of statistical significance for all analyses). The group that did not finished the MLSS5% (N-MLSS5%) started from a more pronounced state of metabolic acidosis than the group that ended the test (Y-MLSS5%) (44,6 versus 41,7 nm/l H+) (F1,9 = 9.43, P = .013; η2 = 0.51). During the test, the acid-base status was greater in the N-MLSS group than the Y-MLSS group (at 15 min, 44,3 for the Y-MLSS group and 49,2 for the N-MLSS group). Neither of the two groups showed an altered ventilation perfusion ratio, estimated by the VD/VT relationship, although the behaviour of PET CO2 could suggest this outcome. A change in the breathing pattern (VT/Ti) does not explain the termination of steady exercise in the N-MLSS group. In conclusion the results of this study do not explain the voluntary termination of exercise in a group of cyclists (N-MLSS) that made a steady effort over the maximal lactate steady state. This finding reinforces the hypothesis that fatigue occurs due to an integration of the afferent feedback of various physiological systems

Serological Cross-Reaction between Six Thiadiazine by Indirect ELISA Test and Their Antimicrobial Activity

Malaria is a parasitic infection caused by a protozoon of the genus Plasmodium, transmitted to humans by female biting mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles. Chloroquine and its derivates have caused the parasite to develop drug resistance in endemic areas. For this reason, new anti-malarial drugs as treatments are crucial. This work aimed to evaluate the humoral response. with hyper-immune sera, of mice immunized with six derivatives of tetrahydro-(2H)-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione (bis-THTT) by indirect ELISA test. The cross-reactivity between the compounds as antigens and their microbial activity on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was evaluated. The results of the humoral evaluation by indirect ELISA show that three bis-THTTs react with almost all of the above. Besides, three compounds used as antigens stimulate the BALB/c mice’s immune system. The best combination of two antigens as a combined therapy displays similar absorbances between the antigens in the mixture, showing similar recognition by antibodies and their compounds. In addition, our results showed that different bis-THTT presented antimicrobial activity on Gram-positive bacteria, mainly on Staphylococcus aureus strains, and no inhibitory activity was observed on the Gram-negative bacteria tested