Cooperação do paciente e sua influência no tratamento periodontal de suporte

Este trabalho se propôs a estudar e analisar os fatores que influenciam na obtenção da concordância e cooperação do paciente frente às sugestões do dentista. Uma coletânea de estudos dos mais renomados mostrou que o medo, ansiedade, estilo de vida, custo de tratamento, pouca credibilidade no profissional, comportamento destrutivo, falta de informação, dificuldades de relacionamento entre paciente/profissional, entre outros, estão relacionados aos baixos índices de concordância e cooperação encontrados, afetando o comportamento do paciente e o sucesso do tratamento.This paper proposed to study how various factors influenced patient\u27s compliance. A review of literature shows that patients fail to comply for many reasons, including self-destructive behavior, fear, economic factors, health beliefs, stressful events in their lives and perceived dentist indifference

Influência da fonte ativadora do compósito odontológico na resistência à tração diametral

O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar a resistência ã tração diametral de três compósitos odontológicos fotoativados através de duas diferentes fontes de luz. Para isso, três resinas compostas foram testadas, micropartícula (Filtek A110 - 3M), híbrida (Charisma - Heraeus-Kuler) e compactável {Filtek P60 - 3M), todas na cor A3. Foram utilizados dois aparelhos fotopolimehzadores, convencional com lâmpada halógena (Degulux - Degussa) e outro utilizando luz visível emitida por LED (Ultrablue - DMC). As amostras foram confeccionadas utilizando-se uma matriz de Teflon medindo 3mm de profundidade e 6 mm de diâmetro interno, onde os compósitos foram inseridos em dois incrementos fotoativados por 20 s cada. Depois de armazenados em recipiente escuro contendo água destilada a 37° C por 7 dias, as amostras foram submetidas ao teste de tração diametral. Os dados foram submetidos à Análise de Variância, com delineamento fatorial, em que os fatores foram: Material, Fotopolimerizador e Material X Fotopolimerizador. A ANOVA mostrou efeito estatístico significativo apenas para o fator Material sendo aplicado o teste de Tukey Ajustado (LSMEANS) para esse fator e o resultado foi: P60 555,651MPa a, Charisma 433,233 MPa b, A110 291,255 MPa c. Os resultados permitiram concluir que entre as resinas compostas estudadas a resina compactável P60 apresentou a maior média de resistência à tração diametral e as fontes fotoativadoras com lâmpada Halógena e LED apresentaram o mesmo comportamento.The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance to the diametrical traction of three light-curing composites through two different light units. In order to do that three composed resins were tested: microfilled (Filtek A110-ZM), hybrid (Charisma - Heraeus-Kuler) and compactable (Filtek P60 - 3M), all of them in A3 color. In addition, two light unit curing were used: one conventional with a halogen lamp (Degulux - Degussa) and another one with visible light spread by LED (Ultrablue -DMC). The samples were placed into a matrix made of Teflon, measuring 3mm of depth and 6 mm of internal diameter. The experiment procedure was the following: first the composites were inserted into two increments and cured for 20 seconds each. Afterwards, the samples were immersed in a dark container with distilled water at 37°C for 7 days. Soon after, the diametrical traction tests took place. Then, the data collected was submitted to two way ANOVA and the factors considered were: Composite and Light Unit Curing. Significant difference was found only when the composite factor was considered, specially under Tuckey test adjusted for multiple comparisons applied to least square means, and the result was: P60 555,651MPa a, Charisma 433,233 MPa b, A110 291,255 MPa c. Conclusion: between the studied composite resins the compactable one P60 presented the higher resistance average to the diametrical traction and the light units with halogen lamp and LED presented the same behavior

Knoop hardness of composites cured with halogen and LED light curing units

Orientador: Luis Alexandre Maffei Sartini PaulilloDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência das fontes fotoativadoras LED (Elipar Freelight 2 - 3M ESPE; Radii - SDl) e halógena (Optilux 501 Oemetron) na microdureza Knoop de resinas compostas microhíbrida (Charisma Heraeus Kulzer) e de micropartículas (Renamel - Cosmedent) na cor A3, em três profundidades distintas. Para tanto, foram confeccionadas 30 cavidades classe I em terceiros molares humanos, separados em 6 grupos (n=5). As cavidades foram preparadas utilizando-se broca 245 (KG Sorensen) nas dimensões de 3 x 4 x 3mm e as restaurações foram confeccionadas em três incrementos oblíquos, sendo a fotoativação de cada incremento realizada conforme recomendação de cada fabricante. As fontes de luz foram programadas para emitirem luz durante 5s em baixa intensidade e, após 20 ou 40s em intensidade total (de acordo com os grupos experimentais). Em seguida, as amostras foram armazenadas por sete dias em 100% umidade relativa na temperatura de 37°C ± 1. Após o período de armazenagem, as coroas foram seccionadas no sentido mésio-distal em cortadeira metalográfica. As raízes foram seccionadas logo abaixo da junção cemento-esmalte e perpendicularmente ao longo eixo do dente, sendo então descartadas. As hemicoroas foram incluídas em resina de poliestireno e a superfície que continha a restauração recebeu acabamento com lixas de óxido de alumínio nas granulações de 400, 600 e 1200 e polimento com discos de feltro e pastas diamantadas com granulações de 3 e 1 µm. O ensaio de microdureza Knoop foi realizado com carga de 25g durante 20s. Foram realizadas 15 penetrações em cada hemicoroa, sendo 5 em cada profundidade estudada, totalizando 900 penetrações. Os dados foram transformados em número de dureza Knoop (KHN), submetidos à Análise de Variância e comparados pelo teste de Variação Múltipla de Tukey (5%). A maior média de dureza foi apresentada pela resina composta Charisma quando fotoativada pelo aparelho Radii na profundidade superficial, não apresentando diferença estatística significativa para os grupos em que esta mesma resina foi fotoativada com o aparelho Freelight 2. Contudo, apresentou diferença estatística significativa quando a resina composta Charisma foi fotoativada com o aparelho halógeno convencional Optilux 501 e das demais condições estudadas. A menor média de dureza foi apresentada pela resina composta Renamel quando fotoativada pelos aparelhos LED, não apresentando diferença estatística entre si em qualquer profundidade estudada. No entanto, quando a resina composta Renamel foi fotoativada pelo aparelho halógeno, sua média de dureza apresentou diferença estatística significativa dos demais grupos estudados quando essa mesma resina composta foi usada. Os resultados deste estudo permitiram concluir que a efetividade da fotoativação não está relacionada apenas com o tipo de fonte de luz utilizada, mas também com a composição da resina composta e profundidade analisada.Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of LEO (Elipar Freelight 2 - 3M ESPE; Radii - SDl) and halogen (Optilux 501 - Demetron) light-curing units (LCU) on the microhardness of two composites and three distinctive depths. Thirty cavities class I (3 x 4 x 3mm) had been prepared in selected human third molars, which were divided in six groups (n=5). The cavities were them restored with composites (microhybrid and microfilled) of different brands (Charisma - Heraeus Kulzer; Renamel - Cosmedent), both on shade A3. The restorations were made incrementally and light cured according to the manufacture's recommended time. The light-curing units were adjusted to perform in soft-start mode for 5s in low intensity and after for 20 ar 40s according to the material used in the continuous mode. The samples were stored for 7 days: 100% humidity at 37°C ± 1 After that, they were longitudinally sectioned with a metallographic cutter, on the mesio-distal plan and their roots were discarded. The mesio-distal crowns were embedded in polystyrene, polished with aluminium oxide emery (granulations of 400, 600 and 1,200), with felt discs and with grainded paste (granulations of 3 and 1 µm). After that, the samples were submitted to the Knoop Hardness test. These tests were run on loads of 25g for 20s. There were 15 indentations for each half crown, totaling up 900 indentations. The data were converted in Knoop Hardness Number (KHN), then submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (5%). The results had shown that the highest KHN was obtained with the microhybrid composite when light cured with Radii in the superficial depth, showing no difference from those lightactivated with Freelight 2. However, there was significant statistical difference when the Charisma composite was light cured with the halogen LCU. The lowest KHN was obtained when the microfilled Renamel composite was light cured with both LED and LCUs, regardless of the depths. Nevertheless, when the microfilled composite was light activated with the halogen light-curing unit, its KHN was significantly statistically different from the other groups evaluated using the same kind of composite. The results of such study allow us to conclude that the effectiveness of the photoactivation is not only related to the source of light-curing used, but also with the chemical composition of the composite and the depth evaluated.MestradoDentísticaMestre em Clínica Odontológic

Evaluation of bond strength, nanoleakage, and marginal adaptation of bulk-fill composites submitted to thermomechanical aging

Purpose: To evaluate the bond strength (BS). nanoleakage, and marginal adaptation (MA) of three bulk-fill and one conventional composite, submitted or not to mechanical and thermal cycling. Materials and Methods: Ninety-six molars were selected and 4-mm-deep class I cavities were prepared and restored. Half of the teeth were submitted to mechanical and thermal cycling (MTC). Teeth were divided into 8 groups (n = 12), according to the composite used - Filtek Z350 XT (Z350), Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (TET), Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative (FBF) and SonicFill (SF) - and aging, submitted or not to MTC. Fifty-six teeth (n = 7) were used for bond-strength testing, which was performed on stick-shaped specimens obtained from the restored area. Two sticks per tooth were selected to assess nanoleakage. For MA analysis, 40 teeth (n = 5) were sectioned parallel and perpendicular to the occlusal surface and resin-based replicas from the obtained surfaces were prepared. Fracture pattern, nanoleakage, and MA were evaluated using SEM. Quantitative analysis of nanoleakage and MA were performed with Image) software. Data obtained were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (alpha = 0.05). Results: TET presented good MA and higher values of BS when compared to SF. 2350 and FBF presented poorer MA and lower BS, which was statically similar to the other groups. SF obtained the best MA values. Regarding nanoleakage, the highest values were obtained for TEL which differed significantly from the other groups, which presented similar results among themselves. Aging by MTC solely affected MA. Conclusion: Bulk-fill composites presented similar performance to the conventional nanocomposite and remained stable when aged.213255264FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2015/23201-

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field