Jacques Derrida, Voyous: Deux essais sur la raison

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Coupling 3D modelling and forward-inverse modelling of potential field data (gravity and magnetic data).

The 3D modeling of geological objects is often decomposed in two steps: i) delimitation of the boundaries of the units corresponding to the various geological formations or ore types; and ii) verification and estimation of these boundaries using geophysical data. A new approach using potential-field interpolators addressing the 3D modeling problem is used here (Ch.Lajaunie et al. 1997). We will discuss how we can statistically estimate the validity of such 3D model taking in account various geophysical data. This estimation can be computed by inverting complementary datasets, provided (a) the data are a function of the 3D distribution of a source, (b) the response of a given 3D source distribution can be calculated, and (c) the source distribution shows some degree of correlation with the litho-regions. Gravity and magnetic potential field data generally satisfy these criteria. Unfortunately, these data do not allow source geometry to be uniquely resolved through inversion, nor is the source geometry likely to be perfectly correlated with the litho-regions. Even allowing for these limitations, we can see through the expression for the posterior probability density function (PPD) for a Bayesian inversion procedure how uncertainty in prior geological knowledge is modified by investigating the fit to observed potential field data for various models; (1) where is a normalizing constant, is the prior probability for the property model based on geological knowledge, and is the likelihood function that reflects the agreement between the observed potential field response and the predicted response of the model. Litho-models that have reasonable probability based on prior knowledge are downgraded if the likelihood deduced from the associated potential field response is very low. To reduce the non-uniqueness, we can add to the classical data, the tensor components of the field. The main goal with gradients measurements is to improve accuracy and spatial resolution of gravity and magnetic surveys. For those reasons, we propose to build a 3D forward modelling and inversion method for tensor data

Tracheocutaneous fistula in patients undergoing supracricoid partial laryngectomy: the role of chronic aspiration

The aim of the present retrospective controlled study was to analyse and compare risk factors for tracheocutaneous fistula in patients who received tracheostomy after supracricoid partial laryngectomy with those who received tracheostomy for other causes. We enrolled 39 patients with tracheocutaneous fistulas who were divided into two groups. The first received temporary tracheostomy for supracricoid partial laryngectomies (n = 21), while the control group consisted of patients who received temporary tracheostomy for other causes (n = 18). Risk factors believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of tracheocutaneous fistula were examined including advanced age, cardiopathy, local infections, radiotherapy, elevated body mass index, malnutrition, decannulation time and aspiration grade. The Leipzig and Pearson scale score was significantly higher in the supracricoid partial laryngectomy group (p = 0.006 and 0.031 for univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively). The penetration/aspiration scale score was significantly higher in the supracricoid partial laryngectomy group as determined by univariate analysis (p = 0.014). The decannulation time was significantly lower in the supracricoid partial laryngectomy group (p = 0.004 and 0.0004 for univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively). The number of surgical closures for tracheocutaneous fistula was significantly higher in the supracricoid partial laryngectomy group by univariate analysis (p = 0.027). These results suggest that chronic aspiration and related cough may be important pathogenic factors for tracheocutaneous fistula and could be responsible for the significantly higher rates of closure failure in patients after supracricoid partial laryngectomy

Monthly Increase in Vitamin D Levels upon Supplementation with 2000 IU/Day in Healthy Volunteers: Result from “Integriamoci”, a Pilot Pharmacokinetic Study

Vitamin D (VD) is a calcium- and phosphate-controlling hormone used to treat bone disorders; yet, several other effects are progressively emerging. VD deficiency is highly prevalent worldwide, with suboptimal exposure to sunlight listed among the leading causes: oral supplementation with either cholecalciferol or calcitriol is used. However, there is a scarcity of clinical studies investigating how quickly VD concentrations can increase after supplementation. In this pilot study, the commercial supplement ImmuD3 (by Erboristeria Magentina(®)) was chosen as the source of VD and 2000 IU/day was administered for one month to 21 healthy volunteers that had not taken any other VD supplements in the previous 30 days. Plasma VD levels were measured through liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry after 7, 14, and 28 days of supplementation. We found that 95% of the participants had insufficient VD levels at baseline (<30 ng/mL; median 23.72 ng/mL; IQR 18.10–26.15), but after 28 days of supplementation, this percentage dropped to 62% (median 28.35 ng/mL; IQR 25.78–35.20). The median increase in VD level was 3.09 ng/mL (IQR 1.60–5.68) after 7 days and 8.85 ng/mL (IQR 2.85–13.97F) after 28 days. This study suggests the need for continuing VD supplementation and for measuring target level attainment

Plasma concentrations of boosted and unboosted atazanavir are predicted by 63396C>T SNP in the PXR gene

Purpose of the study Atazanavir (ATV) is administered at the usual adult dose of 300 mg with 100 mg of ritonavir (RTV) once a day (boosted). However, 400 mg once a day (unboosted) is also used in some settings. ATV plasma concentrations are influenced by efflux transporters, influx transporters and metabolism enzymes. The expression of many of these proteins is regulated by nuclear receptors such as PXR. Recently polymorphisms in the regulatory region of the PXR gene have been reported to influence its expression and the activity of downstream genes, such as CYP3A4 and ABCB1. The aim of this study was to investigate whether polymorphisms in PXR influence trough concentrations (Ctrough) of boosted or unboosted ATV