A Multi Megawatt Cyclotron Complex to Search for CP Violation in the Neutrino Sector

A Multi Megawatt Cyclotron complex able to accelerate H2+ to 800 MeV/amu is under study. It consists of an injector cyclotron able to accelerate the injected beam up to 50 MeV/n and of a booster ring made of 8 magnetic sectors and 8 RF cavities. The magnetic field and the forces on the superconducting coils are evaluated using the 3-D code OPERA. The injection and extraction trajectories are evaluated using the well tested codes developed by the MSU group in the '80s. The advantages to accelerate H2+ are described and preliminary evaluations on the feasibility and expected problems to build the injector cyclotron and the ring booster are here presented.Comment: Presentation at Cyclotron'10 conference, Lanzhou, China, Sept 7, 201

High-intensity extraction from the Superconducting Cyclotron at LNS-INFN

The LNS Superconducting Cyclotron (CS) has successfully worked for more than 20 years, with an extracted beam power limited to 100W. Its peculiarity is to provide a broad range of ion species from hydrogen to lead in the energy range between 10 and 80AMeV. Recently, the demand for higher beam intensities came from the experiment NUMEN, which investigates the nuclear matrix element of the neutrinoless double beta decay through double exchange reactions. Also, the in-flight radioactive beams produced at FRIBs@LNS are interested in the high intensity primary beams. Both activities deal with low cross section reactions and require an increase in beam intensities for light ions up to a factor 100. Nevertheless, other experiments will take advantage of the upgrade and there will be even the possibility to produce medical radioisotopes. The solution proposed in this study makes use of extraction by stripping to provide high-intensity beams up to 1014 pps. Major machine modifications, including the cryostat and the superconducting coils, are mandatory to guarantee these new performance. However, heavier ions acceleration will be guaranteed, maintaining the extraction by electrostatic deflectors. An overview of the studies carried out is here presented

High Power Cyclotrons for the Neutrino Experiments DAEδALUS and IsoDAR

DAEδALUS (Decay At rest Experiment for δcp At a Laboratory for Underground Science) has been proposed to measure the value of the CP violating phase delta through the oscillation of low energy muon anti-neutrinos to electron antineutrinos. With a single large detector, three accelerators at different distances enable the oscillation to be measured with sufficient accuracy. We have proposed the superconducting multi-megawatt DAEδALUS Supercinducting Ring Cyclotron (DSRC) as the means of producing the 800 MeV 12 mA protons required, through the acceleration of H2+, ions with highly efficient stripping extraction. The DSRC comprises twin ion sources and injector cyclotrons, followed by a booster. The injector cyclotron can also be used for a separate experiment, IsoDAR (Isotope Decay At Rest) in which low energy protons produce Lithium 8, and thus a very pure electron antineutrino source which can be used to measure, or rule out, short range oscillation to a sterile neutrino. We describe recent developments in the designs of the injector and the booster, and the prospects for the two experiments

Upgrade of the experimental Facilities at LNS

A feasibility study to build an helical orbit spectrometer using the SOLE magnetic field is presented in the more general context of the upgrade project of the LNS facilities. It includes the upgrade of the superconducting cyclotron to deliver high-intensity beams and the design of a new fragment separator optimized to match the beam optics of the secondary beams produced by projectile fragmentation. The main features of a helical-orbit spectrometer together with simulations performed using the SOLE magnetic field are presented and compared to the results obtained using a homogeneous solenoid field. The effects related to the geometry of the detection array and to the beam spot size on the detected impact point distribution and on the recostruction of the emission angle are also discussed

Study of The New Return Yoke for The Upgraded Superconducting Cyclotron of INFN-LNS

The LNS Superconducting Cyclotron (CS) has been working for 20 years making a wide range of ions and energies available. Many experiments are performed each year. In the near future a major upgrade is planned. This will allow to overcome the major limitation of the CS, which is the beam power delivered to the users, that at present does not exceed 100 W. In the new version of the CS, the extracted beam power will be increased up to a factor 100. This improvement will be reached extracting by stripping a specific set of light ions and energies extracted by stripping. Nevertheless, the extraction through the two electrostatic deflectors, providing a beam power limited to 100 W, will be also maintained to fulfil the users requests. The new design could strongly affect the beam dynamics. The iron yoke penetrations do not respect the three folds symmetry of our cyclotron and have a complex shape, due to the double extraction methods and all services entrances. This inhomogeneity produces unwanted field harmonics, which have to be reduced as much as possible to avoid beam precession or second order effects. Here the study accomplished to minimize the perturbation of the non- three fold field symmetry using the current sheet approximation (CSA) is presented, along with the state-of-art configuration of the updated cyclotron

Neoplasms reported with liraglutide or placebo in people with type 2 diabetes: Results from the LEADER randomized trial

OBJECTIVE: This study explored neoplasm risk with liraglutide versus placebo in the LEADER (Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results) cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: LEADER (NCT01179048) was an international, phase 3b, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Participants aged ≥50 years with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk were assigned 1:1 to receive liraglutide (≤1.8 mg daily; n = 4, 668) or placebo (n = 4, 672) in addition to standard care and monitored for 3.5-5 years (median follow-up 3.8 years). The occurrence of neoplasms was a prespecified, exploratory secondary end point. Post hocanalyses of the time to the first confirmed neoplasms were conducted using a Cox regression model. RESULTS: Neoplasm was confirmed in 10.1% of patients with liraglutide versus 9.0% with placebo (hazard ratio [HR] 1.12 [95% CI 0.99; 1.28]). The HR (95% CI) for liraglutide versus placebo was 1.06 (0.90; 1.25) for malignant neoplasms and 1.16 (0.93; 1.44) for benign neoplasms. Sensitivity analyses excluding neoplasms occurring <1 year or <2 years after randomization and analyses by sex provided similar results. In our main analyses, the 95% CI for the HR included one for all malignant neoplasms evaluated (including pancreatic and thyroid neoplasms) except for prostate neoplasms, which occurred in fewer liraglutide-treated patients. CONCLUSIONS: LEADER was not primarily designed to assess neoplasm risk. Firm conclusions cannot be made regarding numeric imbalances observed for individual neoplasm types (e.g., pancreatic cancer) that occurred infrequently. LEADER data do, however, exclude a major increase in the risk of total malignant neoplasms with liraglutide versus placebo. Additional studies are needed to assess longer-term exposure

Italian consensus conference on guidelines for conservative treatment on lower limb muscle injuries in athlete.

Provide the state of the art concerning (1) biology and aetiology, (2) classification, (3) clinical assessment and (4) conservative treatment of lower limb muscle injuries (MI) in athletes. Seventy international experts with different medical backgrounds participated in the consensus conference. They discussed and approved a consensus composed of four sections which are presented in these documents. This paper represents a synthesis of the consensus conference, the following four sections are discussed: (i) The biology and aetiology of MIs. A definition of MI was formulated and some key points concerning physiology and pathogenesis of MIs were discussed. (ii) The MI classification. A classification of MIs was proposed. (iii) The MI clinical assessment, in which were discussed anamnesis, inspection and clinical examination and are provided the relative guidelines. (iv) The MI conservative treatment, in which are provided the guidelines for conservative treatment based on the severity of the lesion. Furthermore, instrumental therapy and pharmacological treatment were discussed. Knowledge of the aetiology and biology of MIs is an essential prerequisite in order to plan and conduct a rehabilitation plan. Another important aspect is the use of a rational MI classification on prognostic values. We propose a classification based on radiological investigations performed by ultrasonography and MRI strongly linked to prognostic factors. Furthermore, the consensus conference results will able to provide fundamental guidelines for diagnostic and rehabilitation practice, also considering instrumental therapy and pharmacological treatment of MI. Expert opinion, level IV