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    Adicci贸n a cannabis: bases neurobiol贸gicas y consecuencias m茅dicas

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    La adicci贸n a los preparados de cannabis sativa es un problema relevante en nuestra sociedad, con especial importancia durante la adolescencia. Su f谩cil disponibilidad y los episodios adversos asociados a su abuso y/o dependencia han incrementado la demanda de tratamiento derivada por su consumo. En los 煤ltimos 20 a帽os se ha podido avanzar mucho sobre la farmacolog铆a del cannabis y de sus principios activos, mol茅culas grasas que act煤an a trav茅s de un sistema de se帽alizaci贸n end贸geno denominado sistema endocannabinoide implicado en el desarrollo y la plasticidad cerebrales. Su estimulaci贸n cr贸nica puede inducir no s贸lo dependencia y adicci贸n, sino tambi茅n derivar en consecuencias neurobiol贸gicas que tienen repercusi贸n cl铆nica. As铆, por un lado se puede encontrar el incremento de trastornos mentales tanto primarios como inducidos (trastornos del estado de 谩nimo, trastornos de ansiedad y trastornos psic贸ticos) y por el otro, alteraciones en los procesos cognitivos (memoria, atenci贸n, toma de decisiones, asunci贸n de riesgos, control de impulsos). Estas consecuencias son m谩s graves si el consumo se realiza en la adolescencia. Algunos de estos efectos son permanentes y el conocimiento de los mismos necesario para una correcta atenci贸n sanitaria.Addiction to products derived from the plant cannabis sativa has become a relevant problem in western societies. Its prevalence in both teenagers and young adults has grown in the last decade. The problem is aggravated by the availability of plant derivatives with a high THC content. Today, the number of cannabis users requesting medical treatment is growing, as well as the incidence and variety of the adverse effects associated with its chronic consumption. On the other hand, the last 20 years' research have revealed the hidden pharmacology of the active principles of cannabis. Cannabinoids, the psychoactive chemicals of the plant, exert their pharmacological actions through their interaction with an endogenous signaling system, the endocannabinoid system. This system is involved in brain development, plasticity and repair, and its chronic stimulation can induce not only dependence/addiction, but also result in adverse clinical effects. The negative side of cannabis use has greatest impact in the adolescent period. The main adverse effects of chronic cannabis use include the increase in the incidence of mental disorders (mainly psychosis), as well as alterations in cognitive processes including memory, attention, decision-making, risk behaviors as well as impulsivity. Some of these effects are permanent and information and research on their nature is greatly needed in order to achieve a correct public health approach to cannabis use
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