2 research outputs found
Adicci贸n a cannabis: bases neurobiol贸gicas y consecuencias m茅dicas
La adicci贸n a los preparados de cannabis sativa es un problema relevante en nuestra
sociedad, con especial importancia durante la adolescencia. Su f谩cil disponibilidad y los
episodios adversos asociados a su abuso y/o dependencia han incrementado la demanda de
tratamiento derivada por su consumo. En los 煤ltimos 20 a帽os se ha podido avanzar mucho
sobre la farmacolog铆a del cannabis y de sus principios activos, mol茅culas grasas que act煤an
a trav茅s de un sistema de se帽alizaci贸n end贸geno denominado sistema endocannabinoide
implicado en el desarrollo y la plasticidad cerebrales. Su estimulaci贸n cr贸nica puede inducir
no s贸lo dependencia y adicci贸n, sino tambi茅n derivar en consecuencias neurobiol贸gicas
que tienen repercusi贸n cl铆nica. As铆, por un lado se puede encontrar el incremento de
trastornos mentales tanto primarios como inducidos (trastornos del estado de 谩nimo,
trastornos de ansiedad y trastornos psic贸ticos) y por el otro, alteraciones en los procesos
cognitivos (memoria, atenci贸n, toma de decisiones, asunci贸n de riesgos, control de
impulsos). Estas consecuencias son m谩s graves si el consumo se realiza en la adolescencia.
Algunos de estos efectos son permanentes y el conocimiento de los mismos necesario
para una correcta atenci贸n sanitaria.Addiction to products derived from the plant cannabis sativa has become a relevant
problem in western societies. Its prevalence in both teenagers and young adults
has grown in the last decade. The problem is aggravated by the availability of plant
derivatives with a high THC content. Today, the number of cannabis users requesting
medical treatment is growing, as well as the incidence and variety of the adverse effects
associated with its chronic consumption. On the other hand, the last 20 years' research
have revealed the hidden pharmacology of the active principles of cannabis. Cannabinoids,
the psychoactive chemicals of the plant, exert their pharmacological actions through
their interaction with an endogenous signaling system, the endocannabinoid system.
This system is involved in brain development, plasticity and repair, and its chronic
stimulation can induce not only dependence/addiction, but also result in adverse clinical
effects. The negative side of cannabis use has greatest impact in the adolescent period.
The main adverse effects of chronic cannabis use include the increase in the incidence
of mental disorders (mainly psychosis), as well as alterations in cognitive processes
including memory, attention, decision-making, risk behaviors as well as impulsivity. Some
of these effects are permanent and information and research on their nature is greatly
needed in order to achieve a correct public health approach to cannabis use