学会抄録

<p><b>Observation of pulmonary artery sections</b> (200X, HE) The pulmonary artery wall thickness of disease (D) is noticeably increased. In the D sample, 1) the tunica adventicia was more compact and exhibited increased connective tissue; 2) the smooth muscle fiber was thicker; 3) there was excessive fiber production; and 4) the intima was more compact. The arrows indicate the pathological changes.</p

Lignin Degradation via Chlorine Dioxide at Room Temperature: Chemical Groups and Structural Characterization

Lignin degradation is an effective means of achieving the high-value application of lignin, but degradation usually requires the use of high temperatures and harsh reaction-conditions. This study describes a green, mild approach for the degradation of lignin, in which chlorine dioxide (ClO2) was used for the oxidative degradation of lignin (IL) in an acidic aqueous suspension at room temperature. The optimal process conditions were: 30 mL of ClO2 solution (2.5 mg·L−1), pH 4.5 and 3 h. The FT-IR, NMR (1H NMR, 2D-HSQC and 31P NMR), XPS and GPC analyses indicated that lignin could be degraded by ClO2 relatively well at room temperature, to form quinones and muconic acids. Additionally, DIL was reduced to substances with a high phenolic-hydroxyl (OH) content (RDIL) under the presence of NaBH4, which further confirmed the composition of DIL and which can be applied to the development of lignin-based phenolic resins, providing a reference for the further modification as well as the utilization of DIL

Effect of the pollen of transgenic rice line, TT9-3 with a fused cry1Ab/cry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner on non-target domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Bombyxidae)

Some cry genes from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) have been transferred into rice plants for resistance to lepidopterans. The ecological risks of Bt rice, especially the non-target effects of Bt rice pollen on the domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori Linnaeus in mulberry-rice mixed cropping area should be clarified cautiously. In light of B. mori fully domesticated and not surviving independently in the field, a series of laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate the effect of the pollen from an indica transgenic rice line, TT9-3 with a fused cry1Ab/cry1Ac gene on B. mori based on the investigation of rice pollen deposition under normal field conditions and the quantitation of the fused insecticidal protein expression in the pollen. No significant adverse effects were observed on the survival, growth and development of B. mori young larvae, even after the neonates had been exposed to Bt pollen at the highest density of 3,395.0 grains/cm2 for 48 h which the pollen density is far higher than the highest pollen density on mulberry leaf, 1,635.9 grains/cm2, naturally occurred in the field. According to these results and considering the extensive biotic and non-biotic factors such as the type of Bt genes used and expressed in Bt rice line TT9-3 which are safe to B. mori, the relatively low exposure amount of insecticidal protein in the Bt pollen, and other conditions which influence the silkworm's exposure to Bt pollens, it suggests that the pollen from Bt rice line, TT9-3 poses little effect on silkworm rearing in natural settings

Blunting ROS/TRPML1 pathway protects AFB1-induced porcine intestinal epithelial cells apoptosis by restoring impaired autophagic flux

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a stable mycotoxin that contaminates animal feed on a large scale and causes severe damage to intestinal cells, induces inflammation and stimulates autophagy. Transient receptor potential mucolipin subfamily 1 (TRPML1) is a regulatory factor of autophagy, but the underlying mechanisms of TRPML1-mediated autophagy in AFB1 intestine toxicity remain elucidated. In the present study, AFB1 (0, 5, 10 μg/mL) was shown to reduce cell viability, increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and apoptosis rate. Additionally, AFB1 caused structural damage to mitochondria and lysosomes and increased autophagosomes numbers. Furthermore, AFB1 promoted Ca2+ release by activating the TRPML1 channel, stimulated the expression of autophagy-related proteins, and induced autophagic flux blockade. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of autophagosome formation by 3-methyladenine attenuated AFB1-induced apoptosis by downregulating the levels of TRPML1 and ROS, whereas blockade of autophagosome-lysosomal fusion by chloroquine alleviated AFB1-induced apoptosis by upregulating TRPML1 expression and exacerbating ROS accumulation. Intriguingly, blocking AFB1-induced autophagic flux generated ROS- and TRPML1-dependent cell death, as shown by the decreased apoptosis in the presence the free radical scavenger N-Acetyl-L-cysteine and the TRPML1 inhibitor ML-SI1. Overall, these results showed that AFB1 promoted apoptosis of IPEC-J2 cells by disrupting autophagic flux through activation of the ROS/TRPML1 pathway

Selenium Antagonizes Cadmium-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress via Suppressing the Interplay between NLRP3 Inflammasome and HMGB1/NF-κB Pathway in Duck Hepatocytes

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that can accumulate in the liver of animals, damaging liver function. Inflammation and oxidative stress are considered primary causes of Cd-induced liver damage. Selenium (Se) is an antioxidant and can resist the detrimental impacts of Cd on the liver. To elucidate the antagonism of Se on Cd against hepatocyte injury and its mechanism, duck embryo hepatocytes were treated with Cd (4 μM) and/or Se (0.4 μM) for 24 h. Then, the hepatocyte viability, oxidative stress and inflammatory status were assessed. The findings manifested that the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the levels of pro-inflammatory factors were elevated in the Cd group. Simultaneously, immunofluorescence staining revealed that the interaction between NOD-like receptor pyran domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) was enhanced, the movement of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) from nucleus to cytoplasm was increased and the inflammatory response was further amplified. Nevertheless, the addition of Se relieved the above-mentioned effects, thereby alleviating cellular oxidative stress and inflammation. Collectively, the results suggested that Se could mitigate Cd-stimulated oxidative stress and inflammation in hepatocytes, which might be correlated with the NLRP3 inflammasome and HMGB1/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway

The improving effects of biotin on hepatic histopathology and related apolipoprotein mRNA expression in laying hens with fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome

Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) is a metabolic disease mostly observed in laying hens that causes an economic toll on the poultry industry. To investigate the improving effects of biotin on FLHS in laying hens, a total of 135 Hy-Line Brown layers of 300-d-old were randomly divided into three groups and treated for 60 d. The hens from these three groups were fed with different diets: control group (the basal diet), pathology group [high-energy-low-protein diet (HELP)], and treatment group (HELP containing a biotin dosage of 0.3 mg kg−1). The results showed that the mRNA expression level of apolipoprotein A I (apoA I) in pathology group significantly (P < 0.01) decreased on day 60 compared with the control group, while the mRNA level of apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) increased significantly in pathology group on day 30, whereas it decreased significantly on day 60 (P < 0.05). Significantly increased mRNA levels of apoA I and apoB100 were observed in treatment group compared with the pathology group on days 30 and 60 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). These results indicated that biotin could effectively alleviate the pathological changes and abnormal expression of apoA I and apoB100 induced by FLHS, which might closely relate to the ability of biotin to promote egg production.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Physicians&rsquo; Knowledge, Attitude, and Experience of Pharmacogenomic Testing in China

(1) Background: As prescribers, physicians play a decisive role in applying and promoting pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing in clinical practices. So far, little is known about physicians&rsquo; perspectives on PGx testing in China. The aim of this study was to assess physicians&rsquo; knowledge of, attitude towards, and experience of PGx testing in China. (2) Methods: A 39-question online survey was developed. Participants were physicians recruited through two platforms, MEDLINKER and &ldquo;Dazhuanjia&rdquo;. (3) Results: A total of 450 respondents completed the survey and 366 questionnaires were eligible for analysis based on the inclusion criteria. Among all included physicians, 275 (75.1%) had heard of PGx testing before. More than half rated their knowledge of PGx testing as &ldquo;Fair&rdquo; (61.5%) while 20.0% chose &ldquo;Excellent&rdquo; or &ldquo;Good&rdquo; and 18.6% chose &ldquo;Poor&rdquo; or &ldquo;Terrible&rdquo;. &ldquo;Guidelines, consensus, and treatment paths for disease diagnosis and treatment&rdquo; (72.7%) were the most preferred sources of information about PGx testing. Respondents were confident in their personal capacity to conduct PGx, with an average score of 3.30 &plusmn; 0.09 (out of 5.00). Most respondents (75.6%) believed that PGx could &ldquo;help to improve efficacy and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions&rdquo;. Targeted cancer therapy (score 78.95 &plusmn; 1.26 out of 100) was considered the field where PGx testing had its highest value. Lack of professionals and knowledge (n = 186, 67.6%), high costs of testing (n = 170, 61.8%), and lack of hospitals to offer PGx testing (n = 166, 60.4%) were identified as the primary obstacles to increasing the uptake of PGx testing in China. Academic conference (n = 213, 72.4%) was considered the most efficient way for physicians to obtain information about PGx testing. (4) Conclusions: Physicians in China have poor knowledge about PGx testing; nonetheless, they generally had confidence in their capacity to order PGx testing and positive attitudes towards the use of PGx testing in routine clinical practices. Future efforts to promote the uptake of PGx testing should focus on foundational education and practical training

Clinical Pharmacists&rsquo; Involvement in Pharmacogenomics Testing and Related Services in China

Background: Pharmacogenomics (PGx) testing is increasingly used in clinical practice to optimize drug therapies. This study aims to understand the involvement of clinical pharmacists in PGx testing at tertiary hospitals in China and their self-assessed capacity to deliver such services. Methods: We developed a questionnaire exploring clinical pharmacists&rsquo; involvement and self-assessed level of capacity of performing PGx tests. A random sample was obtained from the Pharmaceutical Affairs Management Professional Committee of the Chinese Hospital Association. Results: A total of 1005 clinical pharmacists completed the survey. Of these, 996 (99.1%) had heard of PGx tests and 588 (59.0%) had been involved in PGx testing and related services. Some clinical pharmacists (28.9%) provided PGx services at the rate of &ldquo;1&ndash;5 cases/year&rdquo; while 21.9% of clinical pharmacists provided PGx services at the rate of &ldquo;&gt;30 cases/year&rdquo;. Clinical pharmacists most frequently provided PGx testing for cardiovascular diseases. &ldquo;Consult relevant guidelines/literature&rdquo; (90.1%) was the most frequently used method to familiarize oneself with PGx testing. About 60% of the pharmacists considered themselves to have poor or fair capacity to provide PGx testing and related services. Conclusions: More than half of the pharmacists had been involved in PGx testing and related services. However, pharmacists generally had little confidence in their knowledge level of and capacity to provide PGx-related services

Thermal, mechanical and magnetic properties of functionalized magnetite/vinyl ester nanocomposites

Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles grafted with thiol groups through silanization of (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxy-silane (Fe3O4-SH) were used for preparing vinyl ester resin (VER) nanocomposites with different Fe3O4 nanoparticle loading levels. The calculated thiol group graft percentage of only ∼2.25% did show a significant effect on the physicochemical properties of VER nanosuspensions and nanocomposites. The exothermal curing peak temperature was shifted from 80 °C for pure VER to 75 °C for liquid VER with 10 wt% Fe3O4-SH. The tensile strength (72.6 MPa) of 5 wt% Fe3O4-SH reinforced nanocomposites was increased by 26.3% as compared with that (57.5 MPa) of pure VER composites. However, the tensile strength (62.7 MPa) of 5 wt% Fe3O4 was just increased by 9.0%. The polymer matrix and surface coating were observed to have negligible effects on the magnetic properties of nanoparticles, exhibiting superparamagnetic behaviors

Pharmacogenomics of Leukotriene Modifiers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Pharmacogenetics research on leukotriene modifiers (LTMs) for asthma has been developing rapidly, although pharmacogenetic testing for LTMs is not yet used in clinical practice. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the impact of pharmacogenomics on LTMs response. Studies published until May 2022 were searched using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. Pharmacogenomics/genetics studies of patients with asthma using LTMs with or without other anti-asthmatic drugs were included. Statistical tests of the meta-analysis were performed with Review Manager (Revman, version 5.4, The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark) and R language and environment for statistical computing (version 4.1.0 for Windows, R Core Team, Vienna, Austria) software. In total, 31 studies with 8084 participants were included in the systematic review and five studies were also used to perform the meta-analysis. Two included studies were genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which showed different results. Furthermore, none of the SNPs investigated in candidate gene studies were identified in GWAS. In candidate gene studies, the most widely studied SNPs were ALOX5 (tandem repeats of the Sp1-binding domain and rs2115819), LTC4S-444A/C (rs730012), and SLCO2B1 (rs12422149), with relatively inconsistent conclusions. LTC4S-444A/C polymorphism did not show a significant effect in our meta-analysis (AA vs. AC (or AC + CC): −0.06, 95%CI: −0.16 to 0.05, p = 0.31). AA homozygotes had smaller improvements in parameters pertaining to lung functions (−0.14, 95%CI: −0.23 to −0.05, p = 0.002) in a subgroup of patients with non-selective CysLT receptor antagonists and patients without inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) (−0.11, 95%CI: −0.14 to −0.08, p < 0.00001), but not in other subgroups. Variability exists in the pharmacogenomics of LTMs treatment response. Our meta-analysis and systematic review found that LTC4S-444A/C may influence the treatment response of patients taking non-selective CysLT receptor antagonists for asthma, and patients taking LTMs not in combination with ICS for asthma. Future studies are needed to validate the pharmacogenomic influence on LTMs response