Two-Weight Norm Inequality for the One-Sided Hardy-Littlewood Maximal Operators in Variable Lebesgue Spaces

The authors establish the two-weight norm inequalities for the one-sided Hardy-Littlewood maximal operators in variable Lebesgue spaces. As application, they obtain the two-weight norm inequalities of variable Riemann-Liouville operator and variable Weyl operator in variable Lebesgue spaces on bounded intervals

Two-Weight Norm Inequality for the One-Sided Hardy-Littlewood Maximal Operators in Variable Lebesgue Spaces

The authors establish the two-weight norm inequalities for the one-sided Hardy-Littlewood maximal operators in variable Lebesgue spaces. As application, they obtain the two-weight norm inequalities of variable Riemann-Liouville operator and variable Weyl operator in variable Lebesgue spaces on bounded intervals

Enhancement of permittivity and energy storage efficiency of poly (vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene) by uniaxial stretching

Dielectric polymer film capacitors with a high-power density as well as efficient charge and discharge rates have great potential for application to fulfill the miniaturized and lightweight requirements of the electronic and stationary power systems. It was reported that the elastic recovery rate and energy storage density of poly (vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-CTFE)] polymer film can be enhanced through thermostatic uniaxial stretching. But it is unknown about the relationship between the stretching rate and above properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of different stretching rates on the conformation, elastic recovery, dielectric constant, and energy storage density of stretched P(VDF-CTFE) polymer films. It was found that the stretching rate significantly affected the formation of polar [Formula: see text]-crystal phase, causing different dielectric properties. The degrees of elastic recovery of P(VDF-CTFE) film vary with stretching rates. Among them, the elastic recovery rate of the P(VDF-CTFE) 94/6 film is 46.5% at a stretching rate of 15 mm/min, the dielectric constant is 12.25 at 100 Hz, and the energy density reaches 3.95 J/cm3 with the energy loss of 39% at 200 MV/m field

Enhanced bending-tuned magnetic properties in epitaxial cobalt ferrite nanopillar arrays on flexible substrates

Herein, large-scale epitaxial (111) CoFe2O4 nanopillar arrays with an average nanopillar diameter of ∼40–60 nm and thicknesses of 26–700 nm have been obtained on flexible fluorophlogopite substrates by chemically etching the vertically aligned self-assembled CoFe2O4:MgO nanocomposite thin films. The chemical etching process has not affected the crystalline quality of the CoFe2O4 phase, but results in volume shrinkage through the removal of the surrounding MgO phase. Compared with the planar CoFe2O4 films, the nanopillar arrays show sharply declined coercivity and enhanced saturation magnetization. Even the thinnest nanoisland-shaped arrays (∼26 nm) retain a relatively high saturation magnetization (∼90 emu cc−1), nonzero coercivity (∼250 Oe), and remanence (∼30 emu cc−1), which are promising for the requirements of weak ferromagnetism in flexible devices. With an increase in the bending radius, a strong and monotonous increase in saturation/remanent magnetization has been found in the nanopillar arrays. This reveals that the bending-induced shape anisotropy as well as the intrinsic magnetocrystalline anisotropy mainly dominate the tunable magnetic properties in the CoFe2O4 nanopillar arrays. With strong bending, the increment of remanent magnetization in the nanopillar arrays can be as high as 98%, exhibiting the huge potential of these nanopillar arrays in future applications such as in bending sensors and related devices

Flexible Lithium Ferrite Nanopillar Arrays for Bending Stable Microwave Magnetism

Recent development in magnetic nanostructures has promoted flexible electronics into the application of integrated devices. However, the magnetic properties of flexible devices strongly depend on the bending states. In order to realize the design of new flexible devices driven by an external field, the first step is to make the magnetic properties insensitive to the bending. Herein, a series of LiFe5O8 nanopillar arrays were fabricated, whose microwave magnetic properties can be modulated by tuning the nanostructure. This work demonstrates that nanostructure engineering is useful to control the bending sensitivity of microwave magnetism and further design stable flexible devices

Flexible Quasi-Two-Dimensional CoFe 2 O 4 Epitaxial Thin Films for Continuous Strain Tuning of Magnetic Properties

Epitaxial thin films of CoFe2O4 (CFO) have successfully been transferred from a SrTiO3 substrate onto a flexible polyimide substrate. By bending the flexible polyimide, different levels of uniaxial strain are continuously introduced into the CFO epitaxial thin films. Unlike traditional epitaxial strain induced by substrates, the strain from bending will not suffer from critical thickness limitation, crystalline quality variation, and substrate clamping, and more importantly, it provides a more intrinsic and reliable way to study strain-controlled behaviors in functional oxide systems. It is found that both the saturation magnetization and coercivity of the transferred films can be changed over the bending status and show a high accord with the movement of the curvature bending radius of the polyimide substrate. This reveals that the mechanical strain plays a critical role in tuning the magnetic properties of CFO thin films parallel and perpendicular to the film plane direction

Interfacial Modulation of a Self-Sacrificial Synthesized SnO₂@Sn Core–Shell Heterostructure Anode toward High-Capacity Reversible Li⁺ Storage

Sn-based anodes are promising high-capacity anode materials for low-cost lithium ion batteries. Unfortunately, their development is generally restricted by rapid capacity fading resulting from large volume expansion and the corresponding structural failure of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) during the lithiation/delithiation process. Herein, heterostructural core–shell SnO2-layer-wrapped Sn nanoparticles embedded in a porous conductive nitrogen-doped carbon (SOWSH@PCNC) are proposed. In this design, the self-sacrificial Zn template from the precursors is used as the pore former, and the LiF-Li3N-rich SEI modulation layer is motivated to average uniform Li+ flux against local excessive lithiation. Meanwhile, both the chemically active nitrogen sites and the heterojunction interfaces within SnO2@Sn are implanted as electronic/ionic promoters to facilitate fast reaction kinetics. Consequently, the as-converted SOWSH@PCNC electrodes demonstrate a significantly boosted Li+ capacity of 961 mA h g–1 at 200 mA g–1 and excellent cycling stability with a low capacity decaying rate of 0.071% after 400 cycles at 500 mA g–1, suggesting their great promise as an anode material in high-performance lithium ion batteries

A Strategy to Modulate the Bending Coupled Microwave Magnetism in Nanoscale Epitaxial Lithium Ferrite for Flexible Spintronic Devices

With the development of flexible electronics, the mechanical flexibility of functional materials is becoming one of the most important factors that needs to be considered in materials selection. Recently, flexible epitaxial nanoscale magnetic materials have attracted increasing attention for flexible spintronics. However, the knowledge of the bending coupled dynamic magnetic properties is poor when integrating the materials in flexible devices, which calls for further quantitative analysis. Herein, a series of epitaxial LiFe5O8 (LFO) nanostructures are produced as research models, whose dynamic magnetic properties are characterized by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements. LFO films with different crystalline orientations are discussed to determine the influence from magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Moreover, LFO nanopillar arrays are grown on flexible substrates to reveal the contribution from the nanoscale morphology. It reveals that the bending tunability of the FMR spectra highly depends on the demagnetization field energy of the sample, which is decided by the magnetism and the shape factor in the nanostructure. Following this result, LFO film with high bending tunability of microwave magnetic properties, and LFO nanopillar arrays with stable properties under bending are obtained. This work shows guiding significances for the design of future flexible tunable/stable microwave magnetic devices

Glia maturation factor beta deficiency protects against diabetic osteoporosis by suppressing osteoclast hyperactivity

Abstract Excessive osteoclast activation, which depends on dramatic changes in actin dynamics, causes osteoporosis (OP). The molecular mechanism of osteoclast activation in OP related to type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains unclear. Glia maturation factor beta (GMFB) is considered a growth and differentiation factor for both glia and neurons. Here, we demonstrated that Gmfb deficiency effectively ameliorated the phenotype of T1D-OP in rats by inhibiting osteoclast hyperactivity. In vitro assays showed that GMFB participated in osteoclast activation rather than proliferation. Gmfb deficiency did not affect osteoclast sealing zone (SZ) formation but effectively decreased the SZ area by decreasing actin depolymerization. When GMFB was overexpressed in Gmfb-deficient osteoclasts, the size of the SZ area was enlarged in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, decreased actin depolymerization led to a decrease in nuclear G-actin, which activated MKL1/SRF-dependent gene transcription. We found that pro-osteoclastogenic factors (Mmp9 and Mmp14) were downregulated, while anti-osteoclastogenic factors (Cftr and Fhl2) were upregulated in Gmfb KO osteoclasts. A GMFB inhibitor, DS-30, targeting the binding site of GMFB and Arp2/3, was obtained. Biocore analysis revealed a high affinity between DS-30 and GMFB in a dose-dependent manner. As expected, DS-30 strongly suppressed osteoclast hyperactivity in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, our work identified a new therapeutic strategy for T1D-OP treatment. The discovery of GMFB inhibitors will contribute to translational research on T1D-OP