The prevalence of tinnitus in China: a systematic review of the literature

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to identify reports of the prevalence of tinnitus in China and to present these findings in a review format.Method: We assessed and collated published prevalence estimates of tinnitus and tinnitus severity, creating a narrative synthesis of the data from publications identified from a combination of Chinese and English language databases.Results: A total of 23 studies were included. Tinnitus prevalence ranged from 4.3% - 51.33% but varied with age and gender. The highest increase in prevalence from previous decade in age occurs during the fifth and sixth decades, and the highest prevalence was in the seventh decade at 32.47%. There is also evidence that tinnitus prevalence is related to certain risk factors including comorbid disorders. Conclusions: The prevalence of tinnitus in mainland China in this study is consistent with global data. With increasing awareness of the prevalence of tinnitus in China, the development of epidemiological standards is a priorit

The impact of chemotherapy-induced inner ear damage on quality of life in cancer survivors: a qualitative study

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the burden of inner ear damage (ototoxicity) on adults living with and beyond cancer treated with chemotherapy and  the impact on their quality of life (QoL). Furthermore, this study aimed to explore patient awareness surrounding chemotherapy-induced inner ear damage, known as ototoxicity, and assess what support they had been offered. METHODS: Participants were adults who had undergone chemotherapy, recruited from cancer clinics, charities and social media. Using semi-structured interviews and fieldnotes, an inductive thematic analysis was used to develop key themes surrounding this topic. RESULTS: Twenty participants from the UK were interviewed. Two key themes were developed from the thematic analysis, cancer-related QoL and ototoxicity-related QoL, with each one including 5 subthemes. Subthemes consisted of impact of ototoxicity, hearing, tinnitus, clinical experience, audiological assessments, and impact of treatment, cancer and chemotherapy, other toxicities, information and patient reflections. CONCLUSIONS: Ototoxicity can have a negative impact on QoL, specifically on social life and the fear of hearing loss and/or tinnitus worsening. There are opportunities for increased awareness by patients and clinicians, including improved information sources, and hearing monitoring not only for those undergoing platinum-based chemotherapy but many others surviving after treatment for cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: Better monitoring of hearing and information about ototoxicity during chemotherapy could potentially reduce the fear of the symptoms of ototoxicity worsening. Furthermore, hearing monitoring would facilitate the detection of hearing loss at early stages of survivorship, which would facilitate earlier access to clinical interventions and longer term counselling

Tinnitus, Suicide, and Suicidal Ideation: A Scoping Review of Primary Research

Tinnitus (the perception of sound in the absence of any corresponding external source) is highly prevalent and can be distressing. There are unanswered questions about how tinnitus, suicidal thoughts, and suicidal behaviours co-occur and interact. To establish the extent of scientific literature, this scoping review catalogued primary reports addressing the associations between tinnitus, suicidal ideation, attempted suicide, and death by suicide. We searched OvidSP, Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Google Scholar, EThoS, and ProQuest for all studies and case reports on ideation and/or attempted and/or completed suicide in the context of tinnitus. Twenty-three studies were included, and data were charted according to study type. Several epidemiological and other observational studies gave evidence of risk factors and an association between suicidal ideation, suicidal behaviour, and tinnitus. However, there was no evidence of the direction of causality. Qualitative studies are indicated to explore the patient’s experience and understand the dynamics of any interaction between tinnitus and suicidal thoughts and behaviours. A theory-informed model of tinnitus and suicide needs to be developed to inform the development of interventions and how tinnitus patients are supported clinically

The International Vocabulary of Tinnitus

Tinnitus is a common experience which can have a severe impact on ones quality of life. Whilst there have been reports of historical references to tinnitus, there has not been an international cross-sectional analysis of the vocabulary used for tinnitus. In this study, with 227 respondents (of which 53.3% experiencing tinnitus themselves), we report such an analysis of 252 words or phrases, from 42 languages and 48 countries. The results indicate that the majority of vocabulary used has a negative connotation (63%), though a small minority are positive (4%). Many words used for tinnitus in different languages are onomatopoeic—thus mimicking aspects of the percept experienced—or describe the sound (in total 42% of the vocabulary). The involvement of the ear is implied in some terminology, though other vocabulary expresses the impact. Participants experiencing tinnitus significantly differed on the codes for their proposed words or phrases (p < 0.001), with the code “internal suffering or irritation or intrusion” being more prevalent and the code “relate to ear” and “sound is phantom or not real or imagined” being less prevalent in this group. This research has implications not only for the vocabulary used for tinnitus in Patient Reported Outcome Measures but also, and importantly, for understanding the vocabulary and lived experiences of people with tinnitus by healthcare professionals

The Utility of Economic Measures to Quantify the Burden of Tinnitus in Affected Individuals: A Scoping Review

International audienceBackground and objectives Tinnitus is a chronic subjective condition that impacts patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and requires multidisciplinary interventions. In health economics, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and willingness to pay (WTP) are essential for evaluating treatment effectiveness in cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, or cost-benefit analysis. The extent to which these economic measures have been used in tinnitus research has not been investigated. The objectives of this scoping review were to explore findings and limitations of existing studies and provide an insight into how these economic measures could be used to quantify the burden of tinnitus in affected individuals. Methods A scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodological framework. The search strategy involved four electronic databases. Records were included when QALYs or WTP were measured in individuals whose primary or secondary complaint was tinnitus. Results A total of 15 studies were identified: three WTP assessment studies and 12 QALY assessment studies using direct preference-based measures (PBMs) (n = 4), indirect PBMs (n = 7), and a disease-specific psychometric instrument (n = 1). The limited use to date of PBMs to assess HRQoL in tinnitus patients is an important finding. Conclusions Further studies using reliable economic methods and focusing on patients' WTP for treatment or their preference for their current health state are needed. Applying PBMs in tinnitus research is crucial not only for the healthcare decisionmaking process but also to improve patient-centred care