Spin-injection Hall effect in a planar photovoltaic cell

Successful incorporation of the spin degree of freedom in semiconductor technology requires the development of a new paradigm allowing for a scalable, non-destructive electrical detection of the spin-polarization of injected charge carriers as they propagate along the semiconducting channel. In this paper we report the observation of a spin-injection Hall effect (SIHE) which exploits the quantum-relativistic nature of spin-charge transport and which meets all these key requirements on the spin detection. The two-dimensional electron-hole gas photo-voltaic cell we designed to observe the SIHE allows us to develop a quantitative microscopic theory of the phenomenon and to demonstrate its direct application in optoelectronics. We report an experimental realization of a non-magnetic spin-photovoltaic effect via the SIHE, rendering our device an electrical polarimeter which directly converts the degree of circular polarization of light to a voltage signal.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure

The Effect of Food-Away-from-Home and Food-at-Home Expenditures on Obesity Rates: A State-Level Analysis

Using state-level data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we investigate the effects of household food-away-from-home and food-at-home expenditures on overweight rates, obesity rates, and combined rates. Our random effects model estimates suggest that food-away-from-home expenditures are positively related to obesity and combined rates, while food-at-home expenditures are negatively related to obesity and combined rates. However, the magnitudes of these effects, while statistically significant, are relatively small. Both food-at-home and food-away-from-home expenditures do not significantly influence overweight rates.food-at-home expenditures, food-away-from-home expenditures, obesity, overweight, random effects model, state-level analysis, Agribusiness, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, I18,

Compressibility effects on the scalar mixing in reacting homogeneous turbulence

The compressibility and heat of reaction influence on the scalar mixing in decaying isotropic turbulence and homogeneous shear flow are examined via data generated by direct numerical simulations (DNS). The reaction is modeled as one-step, exothermic, irreversible and Arrhenius type. For the shear flow simulations, the scalar dissipation rate, as well as the time scale ratio of mechanical to scalar dissipation, are affected by compressibility and reaction. This effect is explained by considering the transport equation for the normalized mixture fraction gradient variance and the relative orientation between the mixture fraction gradient and the eigenvectors of the solenoidal strain rate tensor.Comment: In Turbulent Mixing and Combustion, eds. A. Pollard and S. Candel, Kluwer, 200

P-Selectivity, Immunity, and the Power of One Bit

We prove that P-sel, the class of all P-selective sets, is EXP-immune, but is not EXP/1-immune. That is, we prove that some infinite P-selective set has no infinite EXP-time subset, but we also prove that every infinite P-selective set has some infinite subset in EXP/1. Informally put, the immunity of P-sel is so fragile that it is pierced by a single bit of information. The above claims follow from broader results that we obtain about the immunity of the P-selective sets. In particular, we prove that for every recursive function f, P-sel is DTIME(f)-immune. Yet we also prove that P-sel is not \Pi_2^p/1-immune

Keystroke Inference Using Smartphone Kinematics

The use of smartphones is becoming ubiquitous in modern society, these very personal devices store large amounts of personal information and we use these devices to access everything from our bank to our social networks, we communicate using these devices in both open one-to-many communications and in more closed, private one-to-one communications. In this paper we have created a method to infer what is typed on a device purely from how the device moves in the user’s hand. With very small amounts of training data (less than the size of a tweet) we are able to predict the text typed on a device with accuracies of up to 90%. We found no effect on this accuracy from how fast users type, how comfortable they are using smartphone keyboards or how the device was held in the hand. It is trivial to create an application that can access the motion data of a phone whilst a user is engaged in other applications, the accessing of motion data does not require any permission to be granted by the user and hence represents a tangible threat to smartphone users

2003 Oregon Population Report

This report presents population estimates for Oregon and its counties and incorporated cities for July 1, 2003. The eleven tables in this report show current 2003 population estimates as well as historical data. Supplements to the 2003 Population Report are included

The role of high-level calculations in the assignment of the Q-band spectra of chlorophyll

© 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. We recently established a novel assignment of the visible absorption spectrum of chlorophyll-a that sees the two components Qx and Qy of the low-energy Q band as being intrinsically mixed by non-adiabatic coupling. This ended 50 years debate as to the nature of the Q bands, with prior discussion poised only in the language of the Born-Oppenheimer and Condon approximations. The new assignment presents significant ramifications for exciton transport and quantum coherence effects in photosystems. Results from state of the art electronic structure calculations have always been used to justify assignments, but quantitative inaccuracies and systematic failures have historically limited usefulness. We examine the role of CAM-B3LYP time-dependent density-functional theory (TD-DFT) and Symmetry Adapted Cluster-Configuration Interaction (SAC-CI) calculations in first showing that all previous assignments were untenable, in justifying the new assignment, in making some extraordinary predictions that were vindicated by the new assignment, and in then identifying small but significant anomalies in the extensive experimental data record

2001 Oregon Population Report

This report presents population estimates for Oregon and its counties and incorporated cities for July 1, 2001. The eleven tables in this report show current 2001 population estimates as well as historical data

Particle Kinematics in Horava-Lifshitz Gravity

We study the deformed kinematics of point particles in the Horava theory of gravity. This is achieved by considering particles as the optical limit of fields with a generalized Klein-Gordon action. We derive the deformed geodesic equation and study in detail the cases of flat and spherically symmetric (Schwarzschild-like) spacetimes. As the theory is not invariant under local Lorenz transformations, deviations from standard kinematics become evident even for flat manifolds, supporting superluminal as well as massive luminal particles. These deviations from standard behavior could be used for experimental tests of this modified theory of gravity.Comment: Added references, corrected a typing erro

2004 Oregon Population Report

This report presents population estimates for Oregon and its counties and incorporated cities for July 1, 2004. The eleven tables in this report show current 2004 population estimates as well as historical data. Supplements to the 2004 Population Report are included