The influence of a short-term gluten-free diet on the human gut microbiome

Background: A gluten-free diet (GFD) is the most commonly adopted special diet worldwide. It is an effective treatment for coeliac disease and is also often followed by individuals to alleviate gastrointestinal complaints. It is known there is an important link between diet and the gut microbiome, but it is largely unknown how a switch to a GFD affects the human gut microbiome. Methods: We studied changes in the gut microbiomes of 21 healthy volunteers who followed a GFD for four weeks. We collected nine stool samples from each participant: one at baseline, four during the GFD period, and four when they returned to their habitual diet (HD), making a total of 189 samples. We determined microbiome profiles using 16S rRNA sequencing and then processed the samples for taxonomic and imputed functional composition. Additionally, in all 189 samples, six gut health-related biomarkers were measured. Results: Inter-individual variation in the gut microbiota remained stable during this short-term GFD intervention. A number of taxon-specific differences were seen during the GFD: the most striking shift was seen for the family Veillonellaceae (class Clostridia), which was significantly reduced during the intervention (p = 2.81 × 10-05). Seven other taxa also showed significant changes; the majority of them are known to play a role in starch metabolism. We saw stronger differences in pathway activities: 21 predicted pathway activity scores showed significant association to the change in diet. We observed strong relations between the predicted activity of pathways and biomarker measurements. Conclusions: A GFD changes the gut microbiome composition and alters the activity of microbial pathways.Peer reviewe

Framework for distributed monitoring of services

Title: Framework for distributed monitoring of services Author: Lenka Skotáková Department: Department of Software Engineering Supervisor: Mgr. Martin Děcký, Department of Distributed and Dependable Systems Supervisor's e-mail address: [email protected] Abstract: Monitoring of servers and its services enables early detection of problems.Distributed monitoring provides the advantage of load balancing between multiple nodes. Most of the tools providing distributed monitoring still retain the master node as a single point of failure. Distributed system working without a central node is more reliable. Redundancy of monitoring can be also introduced for further increase of reliability. Then it is appropriate to ensure that reports of failures do not repeat. This thesis presents a distributed system for monitoring of services, resistant to failure of nodes including a node that currently acts as a coordinator. Nodes automatically distribute tasks among themselves and found problems are collected and stored so that the notifications are not repeated. Keywords: distributed systems, distributed monitoring, network services, Invitation algorith

Additional file 2: Table S1. of The influence of a short-term gluten-free diet on the human gut microbiome

Results macronutrient intake per participant. (XLSX 13 kb

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of The influence of a short-term gluten-free diet on the human gut microbiome

Baseline characteristics of the GFD study group. (TIF 1068 kb

Additional file 10: Table S5. of The influence of a short-term gluten-free diet on the human gut microbiome

Correlation of predicted HUMAnN module activity and levels of fecal biomarkers. (PDF 143 kb

Additional file 6: Figure S4. of The influence of a short-term gluten-free diet on the human gut microbiome

Measured butyrate levels vs. the predicted activity of butyrate metabolism. (TIF 6 kb