Biofuel production from phytoremediation derived sunflower biomass

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Características e desempenho agronômico no Paraná da cultivar de trigo BRS 220.

A cultivar BRS 220, indicada para todas as regiões tritícolas do Paraná, apresenta elevado potencial de rendimento, ampla adaptação e é dotada de força de glúten que a inclui na classe de trigo pão. É resistente às ferrugens e moderadamente resistente às manchas foliares, à brusone e ao vírus-do-mosaico. É moderadamente suscetível à giberela e ao oídio. Apresenta ciclo de precoce a médio, altura média de planta, boa resistência ao acamamento e moderada tolerância ao alumínio tóxico. É moderadamente tolerante à debulha e suscetível à germinação pré-colheita. Apresentou, nos cinco anos de experimentação, média de rendimento de grãos da ordem de 4.853 kg ha-1, na região 6, 3.794 kg ha-1, na região 7, e 4.039 kg ha-1, na região 8, superando a média das cultivares testemunhas em 5%, 13% e 8%, respectivamente

Cultivar de trigo BRS 220: características e desempenho agronômico no Paraná.

Desenvolvimento da cultivar; Características morfológicas; Características agronômicas; Qualidade industrial.bitstream/item/59210/1/Documentos-227.pd

Biofuel production from phytoremediation derived sunflower biomass

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Biofuel production from phytoremediation derived sunflower biomass

There are presently more than 3 million contaminated sites all over EU, according to the EEA (report 25186 EN). Heavy metal contamination is of particular concern, as metals are not degradable. Phytoremediation is gaining attention from the public and is an attractive low cost alternative for soil requalification, by establishing a vegetation cover which will stabilize the site, avoiding dispersion of contamination and simultaneously removingpollutants. Although the fate of harvested biomass is a common obstacle for its implementation, it may represent an opportunity for producing energy. This work presents a novel integrated strategy comprising the utilization of all plant parts for the generation of biodiesel. Combinations of sunflower and plant growth promoting microbiota were assessed growing in agricultural and metal contaminated soils.Harvested plant tissues were analysed and it was possible to observe that accumulation of Zn and Cd was made mainly in the roots, followed by the stems and the flowers, with the values registered for plants grown in contaminated soils being higher than the reported phytotoxic levels described in literature. Also, plants grown in the agricultural soil presented higher biomass rates. Sunflower seeds were then used for oil extraction and it was possible to observe efficiencies of up to 20 ml oil/m2, with only the oil from plants grown in industrial soil presenting levels of 1.8 mg Zn/l. Plant stems were used for bioethanol fermentation with yields of up to 280 and 162 ml/m2 for plants growing respectively in agricultural and industrial soils. Once again only plants grown in the industrial soil presented detectable levels of 1.1 mg Zn/l (and no Cd). Biodiesel was then produced via transterification of the extracted oil with the produced ethanol, allowing the complete production of a biofuel from this phytoremediation derived biomass. Reference parameters and heavy metal levels were determined and compared for both the biodiesel derived from plants grown in industrial and agricultural soils.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Phytomanagement of Zn- and Cd-contaminated soil: helianthus annuus biomass production and metal remediation abilities with plant-growth-promoting microbiota assistance

Mining and industrial activity are contributing to the increase in heavy metal (HM) pollution in soils. Phytoremediation coupled to selected rhizosphere microbiota is an environmentally friendly technology designed to promote HM bioremediation in soils. In this study, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was used together with Rhizophagus irregularis, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and Cupriavidus sp. strain 1C2, a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), as a phytoremediation strategy to remove Zn and Cd from an industrial soil (599 mg Zn kg−1 and 1.2 mg Cd kg−1). The work aimed to understand if it is possible to gradually remediate the tested soil while simultaneously obtaining significant yields of biomass with further energetic values by comparison to the conventional growth of the plant in agricultural (non-contaminated) soil. The H. annuus biomass harvested in the contaminated industrial soil was 17% lower than that grown in the agricultural soil—corresponding to yields of 19, 620, 199 and 52 g m−2 of roots, stems, flowers and seeds. It was possible to remove ca. 0.04 and 0.91% of the Zn and Cd of the industrial soil, respectively, via the HM accumulation on the biomass produced. The survival of applied microbiota was indicated by a high root colonization rate of AMF (about 50% more than in non-inoculated agricultural soil) and identification of strain 1C2 in the rhizosphere at the end of the phytoremediation assay. In this study, a phytoremediation strategy encompassing the application of an energetic crop inoculated with known beneficial microbiota applied to a real contaminated soil was successfully tested, with the production of plant biomass with the potential for upstream energetic valorisation purposes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The potential for energetic valorization of energetic crops derived from phytoremediation

There are presently more than 3 million contaminated sites all over EU, according to the EEA (report 25186 EN). Heavy metal contamination is of particular concern, as metals are not degradable. Soil remediation is becoming a priority and several methods are constantly being tested an implemented. From these, phytoremediation has proven to be an attractive low cost alternative as it acts by establishing a vegetation cover which will stabilize the target sites. However, the fate of harvested biomass is a common obstacle for its implementation. Nonetheless, it can also represent an opportunity for producing added value products. This work presents a novel integrated strategy comprising the utilization of all plant parts for the generation of energy products. Combinations of sunflower and plant growth promoting microbiota were assessed growing in agricultural and metal contaminated soils. Sunflower seeds were then used for oil extraction, with observable extraction efficiencies of up to 20 ml oil/m 2 ; plant stems were used for bioethanol fermentation with yields of up to 280 ml/m 2 ; finally, biodiesel was then produced via transterification of the extracted oil with the produced ethanol, allowing the complete production of a biofuel from this phytoremediation derived biomass. All the products were characterized and it was possible to observe that the presence of metals in the soils did not affect significantly the metal levels on either the oil, the bioethanol or the biodiesel. Additionally, plant roots were used as carbon and energy source for biomethane assays (BMP) for the production of biogas via anaerobic digestion. Overall, it was possible to conclude that soil contaminated with metals was not found to have an important effect on the anaerobic biodegradability of the sunflower roots. This study reports thus the successful energetic valorisation of plants grown in degraded soils as a whole.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio