Diplospory And Obligate Apomixis In Miconia Albicans (miconieae, Melastomataceae) And An Embryological Comparison With Its Sexual Congener M. Chamissois

Apomixis, or asexual reproduction through seeds, has been reported for species of the tribe Miconieae, Melastomataceae, but details of the process have yet to be described. We analyzed and compared sporogenesis and gametogenesis in the apomictic Miconia albicans and the sexual M. chamissois. The results point to some differences between species, which were related to the apomictic process. In M. albicans microsporogenesis, problems during meiosis and degeneration of its products led to total pollen sterility, while M. chamissois presented normal bicellular pollen grains in the mature anther. The absence or abnormality of meiosis in M. albicans megasporogenesis led to the formation of an unreduced embryo sac and also to egg cell parthenogenesis, which gave rise to the apomictic embryo. Embryo and endosperm development were autonomous, resulting in seeds and fruits independent of pollination and fertilization. Thus, in this species, apomixis can be classified as diplosporic and obligate. In contrast, meiosis was as expected in the sexual M. chamissois, and led to the development of a reduced embryo sac. 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Modelos de regressão aleatória para avaliação da curva de crescimento em matrizes de codorna de corte Random regression models for growth evaluation of meat-type quail hens

Objetivou-se comparar diferentes modelos de regressão aleatória por meio de funções polinomiais de Legendre de diferentes ordens, para avaliar o que melhor se ajusta ao estudo genético da curva de crescimento de codornas de corte. Foram avaliados dados de 2136 matrizes de codorna de corte, dos quais 1026 pertenciam ao grupo genético UFV1 e 1110 ao grupo UFV2. As codornas foram pesadas nos 1°, 7°, 14°, 21°, 28°, 35°, 42°, 77°, 112° e 147° dias de idade e seus pesos utilizados para a análise. Foram testadas duas possíveis modelagens de variância residual heterogênea, sendo agrupadas em 3 e 5 classes de idade. Após, foi realizado o estudo do modelo de regressão aleatória que melhor aplica-se à curva de crescimento das codornas. A comparação entre os modelos foi feita pelo Critério de Informação de Akaike (AIC), Critério de Informação Bayesiano de Schwarz (BIC), Logaritmo da função de verossimilhança (Log e L) e teste da razão de verossimilhança (LRT), ao nível de 1%. O modelo que considerou a heterogeneidade de variância residual CL3 mostrou-se adequado à linhagem UFV1, e o modelo CL5 à linhagem UFV2. Uma função polinomial de Legendre com ordem 5, para efeito genético aditivo direto e 5 para efeito permanente de animal, para a linhagem UFV1 e, com ordem 3, para efeito genético aditivo direto e 5 para efeito permanente de animal para a linhagem UFV2, deve ser utilizada na avaliação genética da curva de crescimento das codornas de corte.<br>The objective was to compare different random regression models using Legendre polynomial functions of different orders, to evaluate what best fits the genetic study of the growth curve of meat quails. It was evaluated data from 2136 cut dies quail, of which 1026 belonged to genetic group UFV1 and 1110 the group UFV2. Quail were weighed at 10, 70, 140, 210, 280, 350, 420, 770, 1120 and 1470 days of age, and weights used for the analysis. It was tested two possible modeling of heterogeneous residual variance, which was grouped into three five age classes. After, it was studied the random regression mode, which is better applied to the growth curve quail. The comparison between models was made by the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion of Schwarz (BIC), logarithm of the likelihood function (Loge L) and the likelihood ratio test (LRT), at 1%. The model which considered the heterogeneity of residual variance CL3 was adequate to UFV1 lineage and the lineage model CL5 UFV2. A Legendre polynomial with order 5, for direct genetic effect and 5 for the permanent animal to UFV1 bloodline and order 3 for direct genetic effect and 5 for the permanent animal for UFV2 bloodline should be used in genetic evaluation of the growth curve of meat quails