La communication non-verbale : un outil pour gérer les perturbations dans la classe ?

ce document est la version preprint des actes du colloque international d'Arras de décembre 2011 "violences à l'école". Le texte a été publié dans l'ouvrage référencé sur la première page dans une version légèrement modifiée.International audienceThe purpose of this communication is to bring a reflection on the non-verbal aspects of practices to ensure the conduct of the class, especially in the management of disturbances. Research support for this communication arose from the following problem: the difficulty of training teachers on the non-verbal aspects of their daily professional practice when it seems to be crucial in a profession largely based on communication. From an original double theoretical approach: the course of action (Theureau, 1992) and the study of non-verbal communication (Barrier, 1999 Descamps, 1989; Moulin, 2004), the research was to to analyze the linkages between what was experienced by the teacher and what he could give to see. The study participants were filmed during their practice then asked about their feelings at the end of the footage. Two tools were used to analyze the data: a cut visible actions in the video (postures, positions in the class space, gestures, looks, orientations), an analysis of readings during action. The articulation of these two collections of data shows a correspondence between the feelings expressed and observable nonverbal communication. The results attest felt quite similar in novice teachers as experts but action phases organized differently depending on experience. These elements allow to consider training in good nonverbal practices, not as a sum of elements, advice but as a system of relations between feelings and actions in progress. Therefore, it is no longer an adviser or ex-situ form but to support professional development based on a real reflection between the felt in the classroom and bodily practices implemented over students.L'objet de cette communication est d'amener une réflexion sur les aspects non-verbaux des pratiques visant à assurer la conduite de la classe, notamment lors de la gestion des perturbations. La recherche support à cette communication est née de la problématique suivante : la difficulté de former des enseignants sur les aspects non-verbaux de leur pratique professionnelle quotidienne quand celle-ci semble avoir une importance capitale dans une profession essentiellement basée sur la communication. A partir d'une double approche théorique originale : le cadre du cours d'action (Theureau, 1992) et l'étude des communications non-verbales (Barrier, 1999 ; Descamps, 1989 ; Moulin, 2004), la recherche avait pour but d'analyser les articulations entre ce qui était vécu par l'enseignant et ce qu'il pouvait donner à voir. Les participants à l'étude ont été filmés pendant leur pratique puis interrogés sur leurs ressentis à l'issue des séquences filmées. Deux outils ont permis d'analyser ces données : un découpage des actions visibles dans la vidéo (postures, positions dans l'espace classe, gestuelle, regards, orientations), une analyse des cours d'action relevés. L'articulation de ces deux recueils de données montre une correspondance entre les sentiments exprimés et la communication non-verbale observable. Les résultats attestent de ressentis assez similaires chez les enseignants novices comme experts mais des phases d'action organisées différemment selon l'expérience. Ces éléments permettent de s'interroger sur la formation aux bonnes pratiques non-verbales, non pas comme une somme d'éléments, de conseils mais bien comme un système de relations entre les sentiments et l'action en cours. Dès lors, il ne s'agit plus de conseiller ou de former ex-situ mais bien d'accompagner une évolution professionnelle basée sur une réelle réflexion entre le ressenti en classe et les pratiques corporelles mises en oeuvre face aux élèves

Transoral rotational esophagogastric fundoplication: technical, anatomical, and safety considerations

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) results primarily from the loss of an effective antireflux barrier, which forms a mechanical barrier against the retrograde movement of gastric content. Restoration of the incompetent antireflux barrier is possible by longitudinal and rotational advancement of the gastric fundus about the lower esophagus, creating an esophagogastric fundoplication. This article describes the technique of performing a rotational and longitudinal esophagogastric fundoplication, performed transorally using EsophyX. Methods: The transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) technique enables the creation of a full-thickness esophagogastric fundoplication with fixation extending longitudinally up to 3.5 cm above the Z-line and rotationally more than 270 degrees around the esophagus. A key element of the technique involves rotating the fundus around the esophagus with a tissue mold during gastric desufflation. Anatomic considerations and use of the device's tissue invaginator to push the esophagus caudally are important to ensure safe positioning of the plications below the diaphragm. The steps of the technique are described in detail, and suggestions are given about patient selection and care, as well as prevention and management of complications. © 2010 The Author(s).SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

former à la gestion de classe : comment améliorer les dispositifs de formation des enseignants novices ?

National audienceclassroom management: Improving the novice teacher training devices?Peggy Cadière directed by Sébastien ChalièsClassroom management and professional practices relating thereto have been explored, analyzed and are the subject of much research. Yet the question of training in this area remains. From the theoretical framework of culturalist anthropology (Bertone, Chaliès & Clos, 2009), we set up an experimental and innovative system of training to assess the transformative effects. Built on the basis of the research results published in the literature of the field, this device implements training and coaching situations increasingly close to the work situation. The research object "train to classroom management" therefore experimented based on the design of an experiential path for the novice teacher.FORMER A LA GESTION DE CLASSE. Comment améliorer les dispositifs de formation des enseignants novices (EN) ?Sous la direction de Sébastien ChalièsLa gestion de classe et les pratiques professionnelles s’y rattachant ont été explorées, analysées et font l’objet de nombreuses recherches. Pourtant, la question de la formation dans ce domaine reste posée. A partir du cadre théorique de l’anthropologie culturaliste (Bertone, Chaliès & Clos, 2009), nous avons mis en place un dispositif expérimental et innovant de formation afin d’en évaluer les effets transformatifs. Construit sur la base des résultats de recherche publiés dans la littérature du domaine, ce dispositif met en œuvre des situations de formation et un accompagnement de plus en plus proche de la situation de travail. L’objet de recherche « former à la gestion de classe » s’expérimente donc sur la base de la conception d’une trajectoire expérientielle pour l’enseignant novice

Barrett's esophagus: endoscopic treatments I

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87170/1/j.1749-6632.2011.06049.x.pd

Antireflux Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication Using EsophyX: 12-Month Results of a Prospective Multicenter Study

BACKGROUND: A novel transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) procedure using the EsophyX system with SerosaFuse fasteners was designed to reconstruct a full-thickness valve at the gastroesophageal junction through tailored delivery of multiple fasteners during a single-device insertion. The safety and efficacy of TIF for treating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were evaluated in a prospective multicenter trial. METHODS: Patients (n = 86) with chronic GERD treated with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) were enrolled. Exclusion criteria included an irreducible hiatal hernia > 2 cm. RESULTS: The TIF procedure (n = 84) reduced all hiatal hernias (n = 49) and constructed valves measuring 4 cm (2-6 cm) and 230 degrees (160 degrees -300 degrees ). Serious adverse events consisted of two esophageal perforations upon device insertion and one case of postoperative intraluminal bleeding. Other adverse events were mild and transient. At 12 months, aggregate (n = 79) and stratified Hill grade I tight (n = 21) results showed 73% and 86% of patients with >or=50% improvement in GERD health-related quality of life (HRQL) scores, 85% discontinuation of daily PPI use, and 81% complete cessation of PPIs; 37% and 48% normalization of esophageal acid exposure; 60% and 89% hiatal hernia reduction; and 62% and 80% esophagitis reduction, respectively. More than 50% of patients with Hill grade I tight valves had a normalized cardia circumference. Resting pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) was improved significantly (p < 0.001), by 53%. EsophyX-TIF cured GERD in 56% of patients based on their symptom reduction and PPI discontinuation. CONCLUSION: The 12-month results showed that EsophyX-TIF was safe and effective in improving quality of life and for reducing symptoms, PPI use, hiatal hernia, and esophagitis, as well as increasing the LES resting pressure and normalizing esophageal pH and cardia circumference in chronic GERD patients.Journal ArticleMulticenter StudyResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Severe traumatic injury during long duration spaceflight: Light years beyond ATLS

Traumatic injury strikes unexpectedly among the healthiest members of the human population, and has been an inevitable companion of exploration throughout history. In space flight beyond the Earth's orbit, NASA considers trauma to be the highest level of concern regarding the probable incidence versus impact on mission and health. Because of limited resources, medical care will have to focus on the conditions most likely to occur, as well as those with the most significant impact on the crew and mission. Although the relative risk of disabling injuries is significantly higher than traumatic deaths on earth, either issue would have catastrophic implications during space flight. As a result this review focuses on serious life-threatening injuries during space flight as determined by a NASA consensus conference attended by experts in all aspects of injury and space flight

A development of assistant surgical robot system based on surgical-operation-by-wire and hands-on-throttle-and-stick

BACKGROUND: Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery offers several advantages compared with open surgery and conventional minimally invasive surgery. However, one issue that needs to be resolved is a collision between the robot arm and the assistant instrument. This is mostly caused by miscommunication between the surgeon and the assistant. To resolve this limitation, an assistant surgical robot system that can be simultaneously manipulated via a wireless controller is proposed to allow the surgeon to control the assistant instrument. METHODS: The system comprises two novel master interfaces (NMIs), a surgical instrument with a gripper actuated by a micromotor, and 6-axis robot arm. Two NMIs are attached to master tool manipulators of da Vinci research kit (dVRK) to control the proposed system simultaneously with patient side manipulators of dVRK. The developments of the surgical instrument and NMI are based on surgical-operation-by-wire concept and hands-on-throttle-and-stick concept from the earlier research, respectively. Tests for checking the accuracy, latency, and power consumption of the NMI are performed. The gripping force, reaction time, and durability are assessed to validate the surgical instrument. The workspace is calculated for estimating the clinical applicability. A simple peg task using the fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery board and an in vitro test are executed with three novice volunteers. RESULTS: The NMI was operated for 185 min and reflected the surgeon’s decision successfully with a mean latency of 132 ms. The gripping force of the surgical instrument was comparable to that of conventional systems and was consistent even after 1000 times of gripping motion. The reaction time was 0.4 s. The workspace was calculated to be 8397.4 cm(3). Recruited volunteers were able to execute the simple peg task within the cut-off time and successfully performed the in vitro test without any collision. CONCLUSIONS: Various experiments were conducted and it is verified that the proposed assistant surgical robot system enables collision-free and simultaneous operation of the dVRK’s robot arm and the proposed assistant robot arm. The workspace is appropriate for the performance of various kinds of surgeries. Therefore, the proposed system is expected to provide higher safety and effectiveness for the current surgical robot system