Benzo(a)pyrene-induced DNA damage in Mytilus galloprovincialis: Measurement of bulky DNA adducts and DNA oxidative damage in terms of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine formation.

Bulky DNA adducts and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) were measured in gill DNA of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)-exposed mussels (50 mg kg(-1) dw day(-1)), respectively by the P-32-post-labelling technique and high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrochemical detection assay. A time-course study was performed for both biomarkers and their potential use for marine biomonitoring discussed for the sentinel species studied. In gills, B[a]P-related DNA adducts were positively correlated with B[ a] P concentration in whole mussel, and were produced in a time-dependent manner relative to exposure. Comparison of adduct levels recorded in this paper in gills (0.149 +/- 0.079 (standard deviation) to 0.480 +/- 0.139 adduct per 10(8) normal nucleotides) with previous measures carried out in the digestive gland of the same animals (0.010 +/- 0.005 to 0.251 +/- 0.062 adduct per 10(8) normal nucleotides) (Akcha et al. in press) showed higher levels in the former tissue (p 0.05), whereas by the chaotropic method lower 8-oxodGuo levels (0.02 p < 0.05) were measured for both tissue (8.3 +/- 2.0 and 4.8 +/- 1.1 8-oxodGuo per 10(5) dGuo respectively). Contributory factors to the lack of observed increase in gill 8-oxodGuo level by B[ a] P exposure could be due to the selected way of exposure (via the feed supply) for which gills were not the target tissue of exposure and artifactual DNA oxidation during sample processing that could have masked the possible B[a]P oxidative DNA damage

Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Cannabis Use: Preliminary Results for the Role of Parental Care Perception

Background: Vulnerability to cannabis use (CU) initiation and problematic use have been shown to be affected by both genetic and environmental factors, with still inconclusive and uncertain evidence. Objective: Aim of the present study was to investigate the possible interplay between gene polymorphisms and psychosocial conditions in CU susceptibility. Methods: Ninety-two cannabis users and ninety-three controls have been included in the study. Exclusion criteria were serious mental health disorders and severe somatic disorders, use of other drugs and alcohol abuse; control subjects were not screened to remove Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) behaviors. A candidate gene association study was performed, including variants related to dopaminergic and endocannabinoids pathways. Adverse childhood experiences and quality of parental care have been retrospectively explored utilizing ACES (Adverse Children Experience Scale), CECA-q (Child Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire), PBI (Parental Bonding Instrument). Results: Our findings evidenced a significant association between rs1800497 Taq1A of ANKK1 gene and CU. Parental care was found to be protective factor, with emotional and physical neglect specifically influencing CU. Gender also played a role in CU, with males smoking more than females. However, when tested together genotypes and psychosocial variables, the significance of observed genetic differences disappeared. Conclusions: Our results confirm a significant role of Taq1A polymorphism in CU vulnerability. A primary role of environmental factors in mediating genetic risk has been highlighted: parental care could be considered the main target to design early prevention programs and strategies

Le royaume de Naples à l’heure française

Le decennio francese (1806-1815), période d’occupation militaire française de l’Italie méridionale, constitue une expérience politique originale. Le royaume de Naples, alors dirigé par Joseph Bonaparte puis Joachim Murat, a été un creuset où se sont inscrits projets de modernisation et affrontements entre volonté d’émancipation et contraintes de la domination militaire. En faisant dialoguer à parts égales les sources et les historiographies française et italienne, cet ouvrage propose une histoire totale de cette période, attentive à la fois aux contacts militaires, aux réformes étatiques, aux transferts culturels et aux constructions idéologiques et mémorielles. C’est une histoire transnationale et européenne de l’Italie du sud que proposent les auteurs de ce volume, rappelant que l’histoire de l’empire napoléonien ne se réduit pas à une succession de batailles. Elle a vu la création d’entités politiques qui ont été des laboratoires politiques et le théâtre d’intenses circulations d’hommes et d’idées.The decennio francese (1806-1815), during which South Italy was military occupied by French Army and Administration, has to be considered as a political laboratory. The Reign of Naples, directed by Joseph Bonaparte then by Joachim Murat, has been a melting pot where several experiences of modernization were tested, in a contest marked by conflicts between national emancipation and military domination