Employment and sociodemographic characteristics: a study of increasing precarity in the health districts of Belo Horizonte, Brazil

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The fundamental importance of human resources for the development of health care systems is recognized the world over. Health districts, which constitute the middle level of the municipal health care system in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, deal with demands from all parts of the system. This research seeks to provide the essential features required in order to understand the phenomenon of increase in precarity of employment in these health districts.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The legal and human resource management documents used by the Municipal Health Secretariat of the City of Belo Horizonte were adopted as the corpus for this research. In order to analyse the changes in employment (2002–2006), the data were collected from ArteRH, a computerized database dealing specifically with data related to human resources, which began operating in 2001. The workers were classified into permanent and non-permanent groups, and their contractual rights were described. Employment dynamics and changes were examined, concentrating on the incorporation of workers and on their social and employment rights during the period under study. The comparative data for the two groups obtained were presented in frequency distribution tables according to type of employment, sex, age group, level of education and wages from 2002 to 2006.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There was a clear difference between the permanent worker and non-permanent worker groups as regards existing guaranteed employment rights and social security. The increase in the number of non-permanent workers in the workforce, the growing proportion of older workers among the permanently employed and the real wage reductions during the period from 2002 to 2006 are indicative of the process of growing precarity of employment in the group studied.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>It is a plausible supposition that the demand for health reforms, along with the legal limits imposed on financial expenditure, gave rise to the new types of contract and the present employment situation in the health districts in Belo Horizonte.</p

Retratos da informalidade: a fragilidade dos sistemas de proteção social em momentos de infortúnio Informality portraits: the fragility of social protectionist systems in misfortune situations

A pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar as estratégias e redes sociais utilizadas por trabalhadores informais em situações de infortúnio. Foram entrevistados dezesseis trabalhadores da construção de edificações de São Carlos (SP). Procuramos entender como esses trabalhadores lidam com a perda da capacidade de trabalho diante do contexto de precariedade e como percebem tais situações. As análises qualitativas apontam que a maior parte dos entrevistados encontra dificuldades financeiras para adquirir formas privadas de proteção. Os resultados mostram que as redes sociais informais são fundamentais no enfrentamento dos períodos de incapacidade laboral, prevalecendo os apoios da família nuclear e extensa e das redes formadas na identificação religiosa.<br>The research has as the objective to study the strategies and social networks used by informal workers in misfortune situations. We interviewed sixteen workers of the buildings' construction sector of São Carlos (São Paulo, Brazil). We tried to understand how they deal with working capacity reduction inside a precariousness context and how they perceive these situations. The qualitative analysis shows that most of them have financial difficulties to acquire private forms of protection. We could infer that informal social networks are essential for them deal to periods of working incapacity. Moreover the nuclear and extended family supports and religious networks are predominating