Quantum mechanical effect of path-polarization contextuality for a single photon

Using measurements pertaining to a suitable Mach-Zehnder(MZ) type setup, a curious quantum mechanical effect of contextuality between the path and the polarization degrees of freedom of a polarized photon is demonstrated, without using any notion of realism or hidden variables - an effect that holds good for the product as well as the entangled states. This form of experimental context-dependence is manifested in a way such that at \emph{either} of the two exit channels of the MZ setup used, the empirically verifiable \emph{subensemble} statistical properties obtained by an arbitrary polarization measurement depend upon the choice of a commuting(comeasurable) path observable, while this effect disappears for the \emph{whole ensemble} of photons emerging from the two exit channels of the MZ setup.Comment: To be published in IJT

Multiple Desmoid Tumors In A Patient With Gardner's Syndrome - Report Of A Case

INTRODUCTION Desmoid tumor (DT) is a common manifestation of Gardner's Syndrome (GS), although it is a rare condition in the general population. DT in patients with GS is usually located in the abdominal wall and/or intra-abdominal cavity. PRESENTATION OF CASE We report a case of a 32 years-old female patient with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), who was already submitted to total colectomy and developed multiple DT, located in the abdominal wall and in the left breast. The patient underwent several surgical procedures, with a multidisciplinary team of surgeons. Wide surgical resections of the left breast and the abdominal wall tumors were performed in separate steps. Polypropylene mesh reconstruction and muscle flaps were needed to cover the defects of the thoracic and abdominal walls. After partial necrosis of the adipose-cutaneous flap in the abdomen that required a new skin graft, she had a satisfactory outcome with complete healing of the surgical incisions. DISCUSSION DT is frequent in GS, however, breast localization is very rare, with few cases reported in the literature. Recurrence of DT is not negligible, even after a wide surgical resection. GS patients must be followed up closely, and clinical examination, associated with imaging studies, should be performed to detect any signs of tumor. CONCLUSION DT represents one of the most significant causes of the morbidity and mortality that affects FAP patients following colectomy. In general, the surgical procedures to excise DT are highly complex, requiring a multidisciplinary team. © 2014 The Authors.57370374Lee, B.D., Lee, W., Oh, S.H., A case report of Gardner syndrome with hereditary widespread osteomatous jaw lesions (2009) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontol, 107 (3), pp. 68-72Jonathan, B., Claire, H., Mary, T., Gardner syndrome - Review and report of a case (2005) Oral Oncol Extra, 41, pp. 89-92Fotiadis, C., Tsekouras, D.K., Sfiniadakis, J., Genetzakis, M., Zografos, G.C., Gardner's syndrome: A case report and review of the literature (2005) World Journal of Gastroenterology, 11 (34), pp. 5408-5411Gómez García, E.B., Knoers, N.V., Gardner's syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis): A cilia-related disorder (2009) Lancet Oncol, 10 (7), pp. 727-735Cristofaro, M.G., Giudice, A., Amantea, M., Gardner's syndrome: A clinical and genetic study of a family (2013) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol, 115 (3), pp. 1-6Gu, G.L., Wang, S.L., Wei, X.M., Diagnosis and treatment of Gardner syndrome with gastric polyposis: A case report and review of the literature (2008) World J Gastroenterol, 14 (13), pp. 2121-2123(2003) Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System, Breast Imaging Atlas, , American College Of Radiology 4th ed. American College of Radiology Reston, VAMerg, A., Lynch, H.T., Lynch, J.F., Hereditary colon cancer-Part i (2005) Curr Probl Surg, 42 (4), pp. 195-256Mao, C., Huang, Y., Howard, J.M., Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater and mesenteric fibromatosis (desmoid tumor) associated with Gardner's syndrome: Problems in management (1995) Pancreas, 10 (3), pp. 239-245Cruz-Correa, M., Giardiello, F.M., Familial adenomatous polyposis (2003) Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 58 (6), pp. 885-894. , DOI 10.1016/S0016-5107(03)02336-8, PII S0016510703023368Juhn, E., Khachemoune, A., Gardner syndrome: Skin manifestations, differential diagnosis and management (2010) Am J Clin Drematol, 11 (2), pp. 117-122Turina, M., Pavlik, C.M., Heinimann, K., Recurrent desmoids determine outcome in patients with Gardner syndrome: A cohort study of three generations of an APC mutation-positive family across 30 years (2013) Int J Colorectal Dis, 28 (6), pp. 865-872Brown, C.S., Jeffrey, B., Korentager, R., Desmoid tumors of the bilateral breasts in a patient without Gardner syndrome: A case report and review of literature (2012) Ann Plast Surg, 69 (2), pp. 220-222Leal, R.F., Silva, P.V.V.T., Ayrizono, M.L.S., Desmoid tumor in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (2010) Arq Gastroenterol, 47, pp. 373-378Rammohan, A., Wood, J.J., Desmoid tumour of the breast as a manifestation of Gardner's syndrome (2012) Int J Surg Case Rep, 3 (5), pp. 139-142Escobar, C., Munker, R., Thomas, J.O., Update on desmoid tumors (2012) Ann Oncol, 23 (3), pp. 562-569Camargo, V.P., Keohan, M.L., D'Adamo, D.R., Clinical outcomes of systemic therapy for patients with deep fibromatosis (desmoid tumor) (2010) Cancer, 116 (9), pp. 2258-2265Xu, H.M., Han, J.G., Ma, S.Z., Related citations treatment of massive desmoid tumour and abdominal wall reconstructed with meshes in Gardner's Syndrome (2010) J Plast Recontr Aesthet Surg, 63 (6), pp. 1058-106

Causal Analysis of the Variability of IgA, IgG, and IgM Immunoglobulin Levels

The interindividual variability of IgA, IgG, and IgM immunoglobulin levels was studied using path analysis in a northeastern Brazilian sample (nuclear families) to determine the genetic and/or environmental causes of their variation. The path analysis model decomposes the phenotype into genetic causes (autosomal and X-chromosomelinked genes) and environmental causes. A significant familial aggregation, mainly resulting from autosomal components, was detected for the 3 immunoglobulin levels. The values of genetic heritability were h2 = 0.410 ± 0.030 for IgA, h2 = 0.617 ± 0.020 for IgG, and h2 = 0.540 ± 0.023 for IgM, and the values for environmental-cultural heritability were c2 = 0.085 ± 0.034 for IgA, c2 = 0.084 ± 0.027 for IgG, and c2 = 0.023 + 0.023 for IgM. Our results did not show a heritable component resulting from X-chromosome-linked genes on IgM levels, as suggested by some studies (Wood et al. 1969; Grundbacher 1972; Purtilo and Sullivan 1979). Some additional results were that (1) age and IgA concentration were positively correlated, with IgA level increasing gradually from childhood to adulthood (p \u3c 0.001); (2) sex and the age X sex interaction act on IgG concentration (p \u3c 0.01); (3) age and IgM concentration are correlated (with children presenting lower levels than adults, especially in males, p \u3c 0.01); and (4) a significant association exists between sex and IgM level (with females presenting higher levels than males,/? \u3c 0.001)

Heritability Of Quantitative Orbital Traits

[No abstract available]61455155

Ecosystem service trade-offs from supply to social demand: a landscape-scale spatial analysis

Quantitative studies that assess and map the relationship between the supply and social demand of ecosystem services are scarce. Here we address both supply and social demand sides by spatially analyzing ecosystem service trade-offs from three value-dimensions - i.e., biophysical, socio-cultural and economic, and across different landscape units in southeast Spain. To accomplish this goal, within different landscape units, we quantify the supply side by mapping the biophysical values of five ecosystem services, and the social demand exploring their socio-cultural and economic values by analyzing social preferences and contingent valuation methods, respectively. Our results show that the assessments of ecosystem services using different value-dimensions are complementary and useful for (1) identifying ecosystem service trade-offs, both on the supply- and on the social demand-side, and (2) analyzing spatial mismatches among the three value-dimensions of ecosystem services. We also believe that our approach facilitates the exploration of ecosystem services trade-offs on a spatial landscape scale, and results can be used by managers to identify areas in which services are declining or priority areas for conservation based on maximizing ecosystem services, and will be useful in detecting potential conflicts associated with new management and planning practices

Analysis of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system gene polymorphisms in resistant hypertension

Essential hypertension is a disease multifactorially triggered by genetic and environmental factors. The contribution of genetic polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and clinical risk factors to the development of resistant hypertension was evaluated in 90 hypertensive patients and in 115 normotensive controls living in Southwestern Brazil. Genotyping for insertion/deletion of angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensinogen M235T, angiotensin II type 1 receptor A1166C, aldosterone synthase C344T, and mineralocorticoid receptor A4582C polymorphisms was performed by PCR, with further restriction analysis when required. The influence of genetic polymorphisms on blood pressure variation was assessed by analysis of the odds ratio, while clinical risk factors were evaluated by logistic regression. Our analysis indicated that individuals who carry alleles 235-T, 1166-A, 344-T, or 4582-C had a significant risk of developing resistant hypertension (P < 0.05). Surprisingly, when we tested individuals who carried the presumed risk genotypes A1166C, C344T, and A4582C we found that these genotypes were not associated with resistant hypertension. However, a gradual increase in the risk to develop resistant hypertension was detected when the 235-MT and TT genotypes were combined with one, two or three of the supposedly more vulnerable genotypes - A1166C (AC/AA), C344T (TC/TT) and A4582C (AC/CC). Analysis of clinical parameters indicated that age, body mass index and gender contribute to blood pressure increase (P < 0.05). These results suggest that unfavorable genetic renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system patterns and clinical risk variables may contribute to increasing the risk for the development of resistant hypertension in a sample of the Brazilian population