Propuesta de métricas de calidad en el proceso de desarrollo de software en la Oficina de Sistemas e Ingeniería de la Información de la Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego.

Las empresas de desarrollo de software en nuestro país, son alrededor del 1%, cuya mayoría son micro y pequeñas empresas que cubren el 90% y solo el 4% son las grandes empresas, por tanto hay un mercado con gran disponibilidad para su incorporación y cubrir necesidades de todas las empresas a nivel nacional. Asimismo con respecto a la calidad de software que se produce es aún muy bajo en los micros y pequeñas empresas debido a su informalidad que es un factor común en ellas. De ahí la importancia que se formalice las empresas de desarrollo en cuanto a sus procesos y modelos de medición para obtener producto de mayor calidad y sin defectos cuando salgan al mercado. En tal sentido el presente trabajo desarrolla una propuesta de un Modelo de Medición que asegure el proceso de medición y análisis en una empresa de desarrollo de software, de manera que pueda alcanzar una certificación CMMI Nivel 2, para ello se compararon y adaptaron dos metodologías, tales como PSM y GQM, los cuales cubren características relevantes en los procesos de medición, estableciéndose un Modelo de Medición propuesto que tiene las siguientes fases: Definir objetivos y métricas, Elaborar un plan de medición, Ejecutar el plan de medición e Interpretar y evaluar la medición. Para el despliegue se usó herramientas como Code Metric Values y Simbia. Así se implementó el Modelo de Medición en el Área de Desarrollo de la OSIE de la Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego. Luego se evaluaron los atributos del modelo a través de opiniones de expertos para luego clasificarlos, obteniéndose, un puntaje final de 410.49 para los atributos favorables y de 164.80 para los atributos desfavorables, lo cual representa que el modelo tiene una implementación significativa en la mayoría de fases del ciclo de vida de desarrollo de software. Se analizaron los datos obtenidos de las métricas definidas para su evaluación, cuyos resultados nos dan un diagnóstico preciso del estado actual de la construcción de los sistemas que se desarrollan en el Área de Desarrollo de la OSIE.The software development companies in our country, around 1%, most of them are micro and small companies that only cover 90% of the total; and only 4% are big companies, so there is an available market for their incorporation and meet the needs of all companies in our national area. Also, respect to the quality of software that is produced is still very low in micro and small companies due to their informality that is a common factor in them. Hence the importance of formalizing the development companies in terms of their processes and measurement models to obtain higher quality product and without defects when they come to market. In this sense the present work develops a proposal of a Measurement Model that assures the process of measurement and analysis in a software development company, so that it can reach a certification CMMI Level 2. For that it was compared and adapted two methodologies, such as PSM and GQM, which cover relevant characteristics in the measurement processes, establishing a proposed Measurement Model that has the following phases: Define objectives and metrics, develop a measurement plan, execute the measurement plan and Interpret and evaluate the measurement. Tools such as Code Metric Values and Simbia were used for the deployment. Thus the Model of Measurement was implemented in the Development Area of the OSIE of the Private University Antenor Orrego. Then the attributes of the model were evaluated through expert opinions and then classified, obtaining a final score of 410.49 for the favorable attributes and of 164.80 for the unfavorable attributes, which represents that the model has a significant implementation in the majority of Phases of the software development lifecycle. We analyzed the data obtained from the metrics defined for its evaluation, the results of which provide an accurate diagnosis of the current state of construction of the projects developed in the Development Area of the OSIE (Office of System and Information Engineering)Tesi

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)