Prolific inventors: who are they and where do they locate? Evidence from a five countries US patenting data se

The prolific (serial) inventors set up the core of the paper. Prolific inventors tend to have a high productivity in terms of inventions (patents) having in general more economic value. The capacity to produce a lot of inventions (patents) is termed “prolificness”. We want to deepen our knowledge about the size of their population, some of their main characteristics, the factors that explain the number patents applied. We exploit a rich data set built onto information available released by the US Patent and Trade Mark Office (USPTO) for the five more important countries as far as technological activities are concerned: Great-Britain, France, USA, Germany, Japan over a long time period (1975-2002). We give insights upon the size of the population of prolific inventors and provide new information about some of their characteristics. We carry out an empirical study in order to explain the prolific inventor patents distribution. We suggest models for estimating the effects of the main variable explaining their productivity. Binomial regressions explaining the inventor productivity after controlling for patent duration and time concentration (among others factors) show that interfirm and international mobility and technological variety (at the inventor level) affects positively the inventor productivity. But there is simultaneity. The overall results suggest that the same factors impact positively productivity with no difference across countries (with exceptions).

: Firm mobility and prolific inventors productivity

International audienceWe study the effect of the interfirm mobility of prolific inventors on their patent productivity (measured by their number of patents filed with the USPTO). The analysis covers three countries: France, the United Kingdom and Germany. Unlike the literature on the subject which deals with mobility in a generic way we distinguish two types: external mobility when the inventor develops a patent on behalf of a company with which he had never worked in the past; internal mobility when the inventor changes companies but returns to one of those with which he has already worked. We show that the average level of mobility would have a positive and significant but small effect. On the other hand, we show that the balance between internal and external mobility has a much greater effect on the productivity of researchers than its average level: more external mobility would significantly degrade productivity while more internal mobility would significantly increase productivity.Cabagnols A. [2010], Mobilité interentreprises et productivité des inventeurs prolifiques, Economies et Sociétés, série "Dynamique technologique et organisation" (W), n°12 Mobilité interentreprises et productivité des inventeurs prolifiques Cabagnols A. [2010], Mobilité interentreprises et productivité des inventeurs prolifiques, Economies et Sociétés, série "Dynamique technologique et organisation" (W), n°12 Alexandre Cabagnols 19/06/2010 Résumé : Nous étudions l'effet de la mobilité interentreprises des inventeurs prolifique sur leur productivité en matière de brevets (mesurée par leur nombre de brevet déposés auprès de l'USPTO). L'analyse porte sur trois pays : la France, le Royaume-Unis et l'Allemagne. A la différence de la littérature sur le sujet qui traite de la mobilité de manière générique nous en distinguons deux types: la mobilité externe lorsque l'inventeur développe un brevet pour le compte d'une entreprise avec laquelle il n'avait jamais travaillé dans le passé ; la mobilité interne lorsque l'inventeur change d'entreprise mais retourne vers l'une de celles avec lesquelles il a déjà travaillé. Nous montrons que le niveau moyen de mobilité aurait un effet positif et significatif mais relativement faible. En revanche nous montrons que l'équilibre entre mobilité interne et externe a un effet bien plus important sur la productivité des chercheurs que son niveau moyen : plus de mobilité externe dégraderait significativement la productivité tandis que plus de mobilité interne l'élèverait significativement

Energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth in MENA countries

This study investigates the relationship between economic growth, final consumption, investment, energy use and CO² emissions in two groups of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries: Oil Poor Countries (OPC) and Oil Rich Countries (ORC). It is assumed and verified that the structural relationship between GDP growth, energy use and CO² emissions is different in these two groups of countries. FGLS panel estimations were carried out over the period 1974–2014. In ORC, no significant relationships are observed between energy use and GDP, whereas CO² emissions and GDP are positively linked. In OPC, there are opposite connections: a positive link between GDP and energy use, whereas the impact of CO² emissions on GDP tends to be negative. In both groups of countries, a positive and bi-directional link is observed between energy use and CO² emissions. The strength of this link is twice bigger in OPC than in ORC. This indicates that CO2 reduction policies conducted through energy use control (quantitative and qualitative) will have higher effect in OPC than in ORC. This also shows that the relationships between economic growth, energy use and CO² emissions differ noticeably and structurally between OPC and ORC. These results provide new insights into the opportunities and threats faced by CO2 reduction policies in OPCs and ORCs

CO₂ EMISSIONS AND GROWTH: EXPLORING THE NEXUS BETWEEN RENEWABLE ENERGIES, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, AND TECHNOLOGY

International audienceThis study examined the relationships between gross domestic product (GDP), renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, innovation, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions over the period 1995–2015 in Germany, Finland, and Denmark. We employed the ARDL bounds tests to analyze the long-run relationships between the variables of interest. The empirical results show that energy use is an important factor in economic growth in Germany and Finland. Nonetheless, this factor is not significant in Denmark. Moreover, the increase of renewable energy consumption increases economic growth in the northern European countries. Our results also show economic growth significantly increases CO2 emissions only in the case of Germany. Moreover, energy use degrades the environment by increasing the level of CO2 emissions in Germany and Denmark. This effect is not significant in Finland. Furthermore, the findings are unanimous for the effect of non-renewable energy use on environmental degradation in the three countries. Nevertheless, renewable energy consumption and innovation significantly decrease pollution and play an important role in reducing the level of CO2 emissions in the north European countries

Les déterminants du comportement de Responsabilité sociale de l'entreprise. Une analyse économétrique à partir de nouvelles données d'enquête

International audienceLe but de ce papier est de mettre en evidence les principaux determinants du comportement de la Responsabilite sociale des entreprises (RSE). Les donnees utilisees sont issues d'une enquete aupres d'entreprises de la region de Rhone-Alpes (214 observations). Les estimations ont ete faites a partir d'un modele probit ordinal portant sur les trois aspects de la responsabilite : social, societal et environnemental. Un indicateur composite global a egalement ete construit. Apres controle de l'effet taille, l'impact sectoriel est quasi nul dans le cas de l'engagement des entreprises en faveur de l'environnement. A l'exception de l'engagement « societal », la taille semble etre un facteur positif decisif permettant d'expliquer l'intensite des pratiques de RSE. La formalisation des connaissances constitue un facteur positif expliquant l'engagement societal et environnemental des entreprises (mais pas l'engagement social). L'âge de l'entreprise joue egalement de facon non lineaire. Ainsi un des resultats originaux est que les trois aspects de la RSE (social, societal, environnemental) ne sont pas exactement determines par les memes facteurs