Investigation of the structure and catalytic activity in olefin cyclopropanation of neutral and cationic dicopper complexes of 3,5-bis(pyridinylimino)benzoic acid.

Three neutral and one cationic copper(I) complexes with 3,5-bis(pyridinylimino)benzoic acid are synthesized and characterized in solution and in the solid state by a variety of spectroscopic techniques and X-ray crystallography. The compounds are tested for their catalytic activity in olefin cyclopropanation reactions by means of ethyl diazoacetate decomposition and prove to be moderately active with the ionic one being the most active and the most promising since for cyclohexene it reveals a considerable diastereoselectivity and a 90:10 exo:endo ratio of the final product

Female germ unit in Genlisea and Utricularia, with remarks about the evolution of the extra-ovular female gametophyte in members of Lentibulariaceae

Lentibulariaceae is the largest family among carnivorous plants which displays not only an unusual morphology and anatomy but also the special evolution of its embryological characteristics. It has previously been reported by authors that Utricularia species lack a filiform apparatus in the synergids. The main purposes of this study were to determine whether a filiform apparatus occurs in the synergids of Utricularia and its sister genus Genlisea, and to compare the female germ unit in these genera. The present studies clearly show that synergids in both genera possess a filiform apparatus; however, it seems that Utricularia quelchii synergids have a simpler structure compared to Genlisea aurea and other typical angiosperms. The synergids are located at the terminal position in the embryo sacs of Pinguicula, Genlisea and were probably also located in that position in common Utricularia ancestor. This ancestral characteristic still occurs in some species from the Bivalvaria subgenus. An embryo sac, which grows out beyond the limit of the integument and has contact with nutritive tissue, appeared independently in different Utricularia lineages and as a consequence of this, the egg apparatus changes position from apical to lateral

Developing technological properties of sealing slurries with the use of cement dust

Zagadnienia ochrony środowiska, zyskują coraz to większe znaczenie, a zatem korzystnym jest poszukiwanie potencjalnych dodatków do zaczynów uszczelniających pośród produktów odpadowych z różnych gałęzi przemysłowych, jak choćby w przemyśle produkującym cement. Ogólnie przyjęto, że nowoczesny proces produkcji cementu jest procesem bezodpadowym, gdyż produkty uboczne, uzyskiwane w postaci alkalicznych pyłów są w niewielkich ilościach wykorzystywane w różnych etapach tego procesu. A zatem, za uzasadnione wydaje się - pytanie czy wykorzystanie ubocznego produktu jakim są pyły cementowe w postaci dodatków do zaczynów uszczelniających pozwoli na kształtowanie właściwości technologicznych zaczynów do uszczelniania i wzmacniania ośrodka gruntowego i masywu skalnego. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań laboratoryjnych wpływu różnych koncentracji (20, 30, 40%) pyłów cementowych pochodzących z cementowni Małogoszcz na parametry technologiczne świeżych i stwardniałych zaczynów uszczelniających o różnych współczynnikach wodno-mieszaninowych. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań, ustalono optymalne koncentracje dodatku popiołów cementowych w zaczynach, mogących mieć aplikacje do prac geoinżynieryjnych.Environmental protection is growing in significance nowadays, therefore it is vital to search for potential additives to sealing slurries among waste products generated by various branches of industry, e.g. cement industry. It has been generally accepted that cement industry does not produce waste as small quantities of alkaline dust by-product are partly re-used at various stages of the production process. Hence a question whether or not the use of such a by-product as cement dust can be employed as additives to develop technological properties of slurries for sealing and reinforcing ground and rock mass media. The results of laboratory analyses of influence of various concentrations (20, 30, 40%) of cement dust coming from Małogoszcz Cement Plant on technological parameters of fresh and set sealing slurries of various water-to-mixture ratios were presented in the paper. As a result, optimum concentrations of cement ashes were established for sealing slurries to be used in geoengineering works