De las catacumbas a los últimos confines: violencia, sentido y representación en los periplos del martirio

En este trabajo propongo un análisis transversal de las figuras del mártir y del martirio. Recurriendo a la noción de mediación, en la primera parte analizo el rol protagónico de las representaciones del martirio en las prácticas de la memoria durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVI. Analizo algunas de las condiciones que contribuyeron a la emergencia de una "cultura del martirio" y el rol de las mediaciones en tal surgimiento. En la segunda parte, estudio la forma en que el (re)descubrimiento de las catacumbas romanas, abrió un campo de producción de sentido en torno a la figura del martirio. En la tercera parte, centrándome en la Compañía de Jesús, analizo algunas mediaciones a través de las cuáles las figuras del martirio transgredieron las fronteras de iglesias y conventos para proyectarse a los últimos confines en un mundo en plena expansión.Neste artigo proponho uma análise transversal das figuras do mártir e do martírio. Usando a noção de mediação, na primeira parte eu tento analisar o papel de liderança de representações de martírio em práticas de memória durante a segunda metade do século XVI. Eu analiso algumas das condições que contribuíram para o surgimento de uma "cultura do martírio" e o papel da mediação nesta emergência. Na segunda parte, eu estudo como a (re) descoberta das catacumbas romanas abriu um campo de produção de significados em torno da figura do martírio. Na terceira parte, com foco na Companhia de Jesus, analiso algumas mediações pelas quais as representações do martírio transgrediram as fronteiras de igrejas e conventos para se projetar nas fronteiras de um mundo em plena expansão mundial.This paper proposes a cross-sectional analysis of martyr and martyrdom. Through the notion of mediation, in the first part I analyze the leading role of representations of martyrdom in memory practices during the second half of the sixteenth century. I analyze some of the conditions that contributed to the emergence of a "martyrdom's culture" and the role of mediation in such emergence. The second part studies how the (re)discovery of the Roman catacombs encouraged the production of meanings around the figure of martyrdom. In the third part, focusing on the Society of Jesus, I analyze a few instances of mediation through which the figures of martyrdom transgressed the boundaries of churches and convents to project themselves to the last frontiers of a world in full expansion.Fil: Salamanca Villamizar, Carlos Arturo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

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1 : Imperatoris caesaraei Justiniani institutionum libri IIII. Annotationibus ac notis doctissimorum virorum illustrati et adaucti. Quibus adjunximus appendicis loco Leges XII. tabularum explicatas. Ulpiani titulos XXIX. adnotatos. Caii libros II. institutionum. Titulos tractatusque juris civilis studio in primis necessarios. Studio et opera Joannis Crispini Atrebatensis. Novissime accesserunt annotationes, paragraphorum argumenta graduum descriptiones, titulorum Institutionum synopsis et methodhus, Julio Pacio I. C. auctore. Editio quinta 2 : Iuris ciuilis rom. initia et progressus. Ad leg. XII. tabularum breuis commentatio. Ex Vulpiani fragment. tituli XXIX. selectis notis & argumentis illustrati. Caii ex veter. iurisprudentiae fragm. institutionum libri duo. Adiecta sunt Iulii Pacii I.C. in leges XII. tab. necnon in Vlpiani & Gaii titulos argumenta compendiaria. Quinta editio. 3 : Tituli tractatusque iuris civilis studio in primis necessarii. De origine iuris: et omnium magistratuum: et successione prudentium : de verborum significatione : et, de diversis regulis iuris antiqui : annotationibus delectis, et Iul. Pacii argumentis illustrati. Dispositionem atque interpretationem ... Quinta editio.

GLN-2270Cat. BN Hung., C1075Föhl-Berger, Xanten, p. 200Malicki, BJ 16, n° C-151

Imp Caes. Justiniani Institutionum libri IIII : Perpetuis doctissimorum Scriptorum notis illustratis quarum utilitatem index additus commonstrat. Adiunximus appendicis loco, Leges XII Tabularum, explicatas. Ulpiani Institutionum titulos XXIX. adnotatos. Caii Institutionum libros II.

GLN-1749Adams, Cambridge, J 644CDM, p. 69Centi, Laurenziana, n° 481Gilmont, Bibl. Crespin, n° 68/4Messkataloge Willer, aut. 1568, t. 1, p. [180]-[181]

Imperatoris Caesarei Justiniani Institutionum libri IIII, Adnotationibus ac notis doctissimorum scriptorum illustrati et adaucti. Quibus adjunximus appendicis loco, Leges XII. Tabularum explicatas. Ulpiniani tituli XXIX. adnotatos. Gaii libros II. Institutionum. Studio et opera Joannis Crispini Atrebatii.

GLN-1809Adams, Cambridge, J 647, C 2944CDM, p. 76Gilmont, Bibl. Crespin, n° 72/5Girard-Le Bouteiller, Basse-Normandie, t. 3, n° 1621Shaw, Cathedral Libr., 2, R 88

Spallation study with proton beams around 1 GeV: Neutron production

Experiments performed at Lab. Nat. SATURNE on neutron produced by spallation from proton beams in the range 0.8 - 1.6 GeV are presented. Experimental data compared with codes show a significant improvement of the recent intra-nuclear cascade (J. Cugnon). This is also true in the same way for the neutron production from thick targets. However the model underestimates the energetic neutrons produced in the backward direction and other quantities as residual nuclei cross sections are not accurately predicted.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe