11 research outputs found
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Forage kochia and Russian wildrye potential for rehabilitating gardner's saltbush ecosystems degraded by halogeton
Gardner's saltbush ecosystems are increasingly being invaded by halogeton (Halogeton glomeratus [M. Bieb.] C.A. Mey.), an annual halophyte that increases soil surface salinity and reduces plant biodiversity. Thus, a study was established in the Flaming Gorge National Recreation Area within the lower Green River Basin of Wyoming to evaluate the potential for rehabilitating halogeton-dominated Gardner's saltbush ecosystems with forage kochia (Bassia prostrata [L.] A.J. Scott), Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea [Fisch.] Nevski), tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum [Podp.] Z.-W. Liu & R.-C. Wang), Indian ricegrass (Achnatherum hymenoides [Roem. & Schult.] Barkworth), and Gardner's saltbush (Atriplex garneri [Moq.] D. Dietr.). A seeding evaluation, with and without prior disking, was conducted to determine ability of these species to establish. A transplant evaluation determined the effect of established plants on halogeton frequency at four 10-cm intervals (10-20, 20-30, 30-40, and 40-50 cm) distal from transplants. Gardner's saltbush, tall wheatgrass, and Indian ricegrass did not establish in the seeded study or persist beyond the first year in transplant study. In contrast, Russian wildrye and forage kochia established and persisted, with Russian wildrye establishment higher (P=0.05) in the disked treatment compared with no-till (4.5 and 1.7 plants m-2, respectively) and no-till favoring (P = 0.05) forage kochia establishment (2.3 and 0.8 plantsm-2, respectively). Transplants of these two species reduced halogeton frequency by 52% relative to the control. Moreover, this interference of halogeton establishment by Russian wildrye and forage kochia had extended to 50 cm distal from transplant by the second year of the study. By the third year (2014), transplant survival and halogeton frequency were highly correlated (r = -0.61, P = 0.0001), indicating the importance of plant persistence. Results indicate that Russian wildrye and forage kochia can establish and reduce halogeton frequency, thereby providing an opportunity for rehabilitation of halogeton-invaded areas. © Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Society for Range Management.The Rangeland Ecology & Management archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information
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Establishment and Trends in Persistence of Selected Perennial Cool-Season Grasses in Western United States
Restoring western US rangelands from a site dominated by invasive annuals, such as cheatgrass and medusahead, to a diverse, healthy, perennial plant − dominated ecosystem can be difficult with native grasses. This study describes the establishment and trends in persistence (plant/m2) of native grass cultivars and germplasm compared with typically used crested and Siberian wheatgrasses at four locations in Idaho (one), Wyoming (one), and Utah (two) that range in mean average annual precipitation (MAP) from 290 to 415 mm. Sites were cultivated and fallowed 1 yr before planting using two glyphosate applications to control weeds. We monitored seedling establishment of 10 perennial cool-season grass species and plant persistence over 5 yr. Precipitation during the seeding year varied with the Utah sites locations reviving below MAP (4% and 14%), while the Wyoming and Idaho sites received above MAP at 8% and 26%, respectively. Across these four sites, native grass seedling establishment of bottlebrush squirreltail (29 ± 0.08 [standard error] seedling/m2), bluebunch (28 ± 0.05), slender (30 ± 0.05), and Snake River wheatgrasses (28 ± 0.08) was similar to “Vavilov II” Siberian wheatgrass (36 ± 3.20). By yr 5, western, Snake River, and thickspike wheatgrasses were the only native grasses to have plant densities similar to Vavilov II (37 ± 0.29) Siberian and “Hycrest II” (36 ± 0.29) crested wheatgrasses. On sites receiving between 290 and 415 mm MAP, our data suggest that native grasses are able to establish but in general lack the ability to persist except for western, Snake River, and thickspike wheatgrasses, which had plant densities similar to crested and Siberian wheatgrasses after 5 yr.The Rangeland Ecology & Management archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information
The Effect of Dehydrated Alfalfa Meal, Dried Brewers Yeast and Condensed Fish Solubles on the Reproductive Performance of Turkeys
Relação do zinco e cobre plasmáticos com componentes nutricionais e desempenho de leitões: uma meta-análise Relation of plasma zinc and copper with nutritional components and performance of weanling pigs: a meta-analysis
Foi realizada uma meta-análise para estudar a relação do zinco (Zn) e cobre (Cu) plasmáticos com os nutrientes da dieta e ganho de peso em leitões. A base de dados contemplou 18 publicações. As variáveis nutricionais consideradas na análise foram ingestões de PB, lisina, Ca, P, Cu e Zn. Foram realizadas análises de regressão por intermédio de modelos mistos. O Zn plasmático foi influenciado pelo P, Zn ingeridos e Cu plasmático. O P ingerido e Cu plasmático afetaram negativamente o Zn plasmático. A análise de regressão mostrou que, para cada grama de P total ingerido/kg PV0,6, houve redução de 0,043 mg/L de Zn plasmático. O Cu plasmático foi influenciado pelo Ca, P, Cu e o Zn ingerido. O Ca e Zn ingerido afetaram negativamente o Cu plasmático. O ganho de peso foi influenciado pela PB, Ca, lisina e Cu ingeridos e o Zn plasmático. O Zn ingerido apresentou efeito negativo no metabolismo do Cu, mas o Zn plasmático teve influência positiva no ganho de peso. Neste estudo de meta-análise, identificaram-se alguns fatores de origem dietética, como o P e Ca, que influenciam negativamente a absorção e o metabolismo de Zn e Cu em leitões.<br>A meta-analysis was carried out to study the relationship among plasma Zn and Cu with diet nutrients and piglets weight gain. Eighteen publications were considered in the database. The intake of CP, lysine, Ca, P, Cu and Zn was considered as variable in the analysis. Regression analyses were used through mixed models. Plasma Zn was affected by P and Zn intake as well as Cu plasma. P intake and plasma Cu affected negatively plasmatic Zn. The regression analysis showed that for each gram of total P intake/kg BW0.6 there was reduction in 0.043 mg/L of plasmatic Zn. Plasma Cu was affected by Ca, P, Cu and Zn intake. Ca and Zn intake affected negatively plasma Cu. Weight gain was affected by CP, Ca, lysine and Cu intake as well as plasma Zn. A negative effect of Zn intake on Cu metabolism was observed; however plasma Zn had a positive effect on piglets weight gain. This meta-analysis study identified some factors of dietary origin, as P and Ca, which influence negatively the absorption and the metabolism of Zn and Cu in weanling pigs