Epigenetic and Drug Response Modulation of Epigalocaten-In-3-Gallate in Staphylococcus aureus with Divergent Resistance Phenotypes

Healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections represent extremely high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. We aimed to assess the antimicrobial potential and synergistic effect between Epigalocatenin-3-gallate (EGCG) and different antibiotics in S. aureus strains with divergent resistance phenotypes. EGCG exposure effects in epigenetic and drug resistance key modulators were also evaluated. S. aureus strains (n = 32) were isolated from infected patients in a Lisbon hospital. The identification of the S. aureus resistance phenotype was performed through automatized methods. The antibiotic synergistic assay was performed through disk diffusion according to EUCAST guidelines with co-exposure to EGCG (250, 100, 50 and 25 µg/mL). The bacteria's molecular profile was assessed through FTIR spectroscopy. The transcriptional expression of OrfX, SpdC and WalKR was performed by using qRT-PCR. FTIR-spectroscopy analysis enabled the clear discrimination of MRSA/MSSA strains and the EGCG exposure effect in the bacteria's molecular profiles. Divergent resistant phenotypes were associated with divergent transcriptional expression of the epigenetic modulator OrfX, particularly in MRSA strains, as well as the key drug response modulators SpdC and WalKR. These results clearly demonstrate that EGCG exposure alters the expression patterns of key epigenetic and drug response genes with associated divergent-resistant profiles, which supports its potential for antimicrobial treatment and/or therapeutic adjuvant against antibiotic-resistant microorganisms.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Financiamento do setor saúde: uma retrospectiva recente com uma abordagem para a odontologia Financing in Brazilian health care system: a recent retrospective and dentistry approach

As políticas orientadas para a mudança no sistema de saúde ocorreram em três fases: a implantação das Ações Integradas de Saúde (AIS) em 1983; o Sistema Unificado e Descentralizado de Saúde (SUDS) em 1987 e a promulgação da Constituição em 1988, surgindo assim o SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde), uma estrutura organizacional baseada em princípios de cidadania e justiça social. Com o surgimento do SUS, houve a necessidade de definir objetivos e diretrizes estratégicas para o processo de descentralização, tratando dos aspectos das responsabilidades, relações entre os gestores e critérios de transferência de recursos federais para estados e municípios. Desse modo, o objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar uma retrospectiva recente do plano orçamentário destinado à saúde após a reorganização do SUS, realizando também uma abordagem na área da odontologia. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, no qual foram utilizados dados coletados do banco de dados em saúde do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil (DATASUS) no período de 1998 a 2005. Observou-se que pelo menos no que diz respeito a valores de repasse anuais, a situação é positiva, esperando-se dessa forma que a tão sonhada reorganização e estruturação financeira do sistema de saúde brasileiro esteja começando a acontecer.<br>The guided policies designed to modify the health care system occurred in three stages: the first occurred at the end of the military regimen with the implantation of the Integrated Actions of Health (AIS); the second came with the implantation of the Unified and Decentralized Health System (SUDS) in 1987; and the third was the promulgation of the Constitution in 1988, when the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), an organizational structure based on principles of citizenship and social justice, was then created. With the creation of SUS, there was the need for defining objectives and strategic lines of direction for the decentralization process, concerning responsibility aspects, relations among managers, and criteria of transference from federal to state and municipal levels. Thus, the objective of this study was to accomplish a recent retrospective of the budgetary plan aimed at health care, with an approach on dental care. Data collected from the Ministry of Health (DATASUS) between 1998 and 2005 were used in this retrospective study. In conclusion, a positive situation was observed for transferred annual values, suggesting that the reorganization and financial structure of the Brazilian health system is starting to work

Análise da sintomatologia depressiva nos moradores do Abrigo Cristo Redentor através da aplicação da Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (EDG) Analysis of depression in elderly living in the shelter " Christ the Redeemer" , applying the Scale of Geriatric Depression (SGD)

O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a prevalência de depressão em idosos que residem no Abrigo Cristo Redentor, Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco. Foi realizado estudo descritivo no período de setembro e outubro de 2006, com idosos de idade igual ou acima de 60 anos. A amostra foi composta de 55 idosos, que responderam à Escala de Depressão Geriátrica de Yesavage, com trinta perguntas. Foram realizadas análises de variância da prevalência dos sintomas de depressão entre ambos os sexos. A depressão foi identificada em 28 idosos (51%), dentre os quais dezoito homens (64,3%) e dez mulheres (35,7%). Recomenda-se a criação de uma nova escala, mais simples e de entendimento mais fácil, para pacientes que têm nível cognitivo rebaixado.<br>The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression in elderly living in the shelter " Christ the Redeemer" , in Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco. A descriptive study was conducted in September and October 2006, with individuals aged 60 years or more. The sample consisted of 55 elderly, who answered the 30 questions of the Scale of Geriatric Depression of Yesavage. Analysis of variance of the prevalence of depression symptoms between both sexes was conducted. Depression was identified in 28 individuals (51%), 18 males (64,2%) and 10 females (35,7%). We recommend the creation of a new scale, simpler and easier to understand for patients with lower cognitive level