Rede social e promoção da saúde dos "descartáveis urbanos" Red social y promoción de la salud de los "desechables urbanos" Social network and health promotion of homeless population

Com a aceleração da globalização, uma parcela da população ficou excluída do trabalho e dos bens e serviços de nossa sociedade, observando-se o aumento significativo das pessoas em situação de rua. As instituições que atendem à população adulta em situação de rua, no centro da cidade de São Paulo foram diagnosticadas. Seus objetivos, ações desenvolvidas e a articulação entre tais instituições foram diagnosticados. A hipótese é que a realidade atual é formada por práticas isoladas, assistencialistas, centralizadas que sustentam e cronificam a situação de rua. Por meio da metodologia participativa, observou-se uma mudança gradativa desse modelo para a emancipação do sujeito, embora haja ainda a imposição do saber técnico e de seus valores, o que abafa a voz dessa população. A formação de uma rede social pautada em ações intersetoriais, na perspectiva da Promoção da Saúde, é uma possibilidade na construção e gestão de políticas públicas inovadoras.<br>Con la aceleración de la globalización, una parte de la población se ha quedado excluida del trabajo, y de los bienes y servicios de nuestra sociedad, observándose un aumento significativo de las personas que viven en las calles. Este estudio analizó las instituciones, localizadas en el centro de la ciudad de São Paulo, que atienden a la población adulta que viven en la calle. Se identificaron sus objetivos, acciones ejecutadas y la articulación entre tales instituciones. La hipótesis es que la realidad actual está formada por prácticas aisladas, asistencialistas e centralizadas que sustentan y tornan crónica la situación de vivir en las calles. Por medio de la metodología participativa, se observó que hay cambios graduales de ese modelo para o de emancipación del sujeto. Aunque todavía exista la imposición del saber técnico y de sus valores, que sofoca la voz de esa población. La formación de una red social, pautada en acciones intersectoriales y en la perspectiva de la promoción de la salud, es una posibilidad para la construcción y gestión de políticas públicas innovadoras.<br>One of the outcomes of globalization has been a constant increase of the number of people living in the streets of metropolis such as São Paulo: those are not only homeless, but also people who live in the streets and earn their living from it. We have surveyed the institutions working with adult homeless population in the central region of Sao Paulo. Their goals and strategies were described, as well as how they associate with each other. Our main hypothesis is that our reality is still formed by isolated actions, based on mere assistance policies that help to maintain the problem of homelessness and turn it into a chronicle situation. Although, the participative methodology we chose has shown a small change from this model towards the idea of the emancipation of the subject. Even so, the idea of a technical knowledge still looms large and keeps the voice of the population in the background. The constitution of a network based on inter-sectorial actions (according to the perspective of health promotion) indicates the possibility of building innovatory public policies

Chapter 5 Feeding and Food Processing in Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba Dana)

Euphausia superba is exceptional among euphausiids for the large filtering surface of the feeding basket and its fine mesh size (2–3 μm), which remain into adulthood. This enables them to feed efficiently on nano- and microplankton, and to reach substantial growth rates with food concentrations as low as 0.5 μg Chlorophyll a L �1. Even though phytoplankton – in particular diatoms – are their staple food, protozoans and small copepods are ingested simultaneously and represent an important supplementary food source year-round. However, krill feeding behaviour is more complex than just filter-feeding in the water column, it includes raptorial capture of larger zooplankton, handling of ‘giant’ diatoms, scraping algae from beneath sea ice and lifting detritus from the seabed. High mobility and physiological robustness enable krill to explore three feeding grounds – the water column, the sea ice and the benthos. Variability in access and productivity of these feeding grounds leads to fundamental differences in krill overwintering across their habitats. Gut passage time, absorption efficiency and fecal pellet density vary with food concentration and nutritional needs. Therefore krill fecal pellets have a dual role; some promote the export of carbon and nutrients while others facilitate the recycling of material in the upper water column. Krill grazing can suppress phytoplankton blooms, but this tends to be a localised phenomenon where krill abundances are exceptionally high. Conversely, krill appear to have major conditioning effects due to nutrient supply (e.g. ammonium, iron), although their role in Southern Ocean biogeochemical cycles is only starting to be discovered