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Emerging economies, trade policy, and macroeconomic shocks
This paper estimates the impact of aggregate fluctuations on the time-varying trade
policies of thirteen major emerging economies over 1989-2010; by 2010, these WTO
member countries collectively accounted for 21 percent of world merchandise imports
and 22 percent of world GDP. We examine determinants of carefully constructed,
bilateral measures of new import restrictions on products arising through the temporary
trade barrier (TTB) policies of antidumping, safeguards, and countervailing duties. We
find evidence of a counter-cyclical relationship between macroeconomic shocks and new
TTB import restrictions as well as an important role for fluctuations in bilateral real
exchange rates. Furthermore, the trade policy responsiveness coinciding with WTO
establishment in 1995 suggests a significant change relative to the pre-WTO period; i.e.,
new import restrictions became more counter-cyclical and sensitive to real exchange
rate shocks over time. Finally, we also present results that explicitly address changes to
the institutional environment facing these emerging economies as they joined the WTO
and adopted disciplines to restrain their application of other trade policies such as
applied import tariffs.This the author accepted manuscript. The final published version can be found on the publisher's website at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387814000522# © 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V
Elastic Wave Scattering and Dynamic Stress Concentrations in Stretching Thick Plates with Two Cutouts by Using the Refined Dynamic Theory
Based on the refined dynamic equation of stretching plates, the elastic tension–compression wave scattering and dynamic stress concentrations in the thick plate with two cutouts are studied. In view of the problem that the shear stress is automatically satisfied under the free boundary condition, the generalized stress of the first-order vanishing moment of shear stress is considered. The numerical results indicate that, as the cutout is thick, the maximum value of the dynamic stress factor obtained using the refined dynamic theory is 19% higher than that from the solution of plane stress problems of elastic dynamics
Temporal HeartNet: Towards Human-Level Automatic Analysis of Fetal Cardiac Screening Video
We present an automatic method to describe clinically useful information
about scanning, and to guide image interpretation in ultrasound (US) videos of
the fetal heart. Our method is able to jointly predict the visibility, viewing
plane, location and orientation of the fetal heart at the frame level. The
contributions of the paper are three-fold: (i) a convolutional neural network
architecture is developed for a multi-task prediction, which is computed by
sliding a 3x3 window spatially through convolutional maps. (ii) an anchor
mechanism and Intersection over Union (IoU) loss are applied for improving
localization accuracy. (iii) a recurrent architecture is designed to
recursively compute regional convolutional features temporally over sequential
frames, allowing each prediction to be conditioned on the whole video. This
results in a spatial-temporal model that precisely describes detailed heart
parameters in challenging US videos. We report results on a real-world clinical
dataset, where our method achieves performance on par with expert annotations.Comment: To appear in MICCAI, 201
Geometrical and Physical Conditions for Skyrmion Stability in a Nanowire
published_or_final_versio
Human behavior in Prisoner's Dilemma experiments suppresses network reciprocity
During the last few years, much research has been devoted to strategic
interactions on complex networks. In this context, the Prisoner's Dilemma has
become a paradigmatic model, and it has been established that imitative
evolutionary dynamics lead to very different outcomes depending on the details
of the network. We here report that when one takes into account the real
behavior of people observed in the experiments, both at the mean-field level
and on utterly different networks the observed level of cooperation is the
same. We thus show that when human subjects interact in an heterogeneous mix
including cooperators, defectors and moody conditional cooperators, the
structure of the population does not promote or inhibit cooperation with
respect to a well mixed population.Comment: 5 Pages including 4 figures. Submitted for publicatio
Stereochemistry of carbon nanotubes for electronic applications
Results are presented from studies to prepare carbon nanotubes of single geometry. Carbon nanotubes of certain stereochemistry have been found to be conductive. Others have been found to be excellent transistors, and together nanoelectronic devices have already been formed from them including logic gate circuits. Two synthetic approaches have been tried, namely plasma arcing in the presence of additives and ball milling. In plasma arcing, cathode deposits are altered by the presence of naphthalene in the feed material. The mixture of nanotubes so formed has a larger average void size than that formed in the absence of naphthalene. The results support proposed mechanisms of nanotube formation which involve growth by incorporation of carbon atoms into open tubes. They also show that naphthalene can be directly incorporated into fullerene black and thereby increase the number of hexagonal sheet structures in the carbon deposit. Work so far in ball milling has been confined to studies of the destruction of graphite crystalline phases
Drug-eluting Bead Chemoembolization for the Treatment of Nonresectable Hepatic Carcinoma in Dogs: A Prospective Clinical Trial
Abstract Background Effective treatment options for nonresectable hepatic carcinoma (HC) in dogs are limited. Hypothesis/Objective Objectives were to report outcomes, complications, and tumor responses via computed tomography (CT) assessment after drug‐eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (DEB‐TACE) for nonresectable HC in dogs. The authors hypothesized that major complications would be uncommon and short‐term CT assessment would demonstrate stable disease or partial response. Animals Client‐owned dogs (n = 16) with nonresectable HC. Methods Prospective, single‐arm clinical trial. Drug‐eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization was performed to varying levels of blood flow stasis. Computed tomography imaging was compared before and approximately 12 weeks after initial treatment. Results Drug‐eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization was successfully administered in all attempts. Based on percent change in elliptical tumor volume response (mL), stable disease (8/13; 62%) was the most common outcome followed by partial response (3/13; 23%) and progressive disease (2/13; 15%) with a median of 74 days (range, 39‐125) after initial treatment. Median tumor volume (mL) after DEB‐TACE decreased in volume by 13% (range, 56% decrease to 77% increase). Mild complications consistent with postembolization syndrome occurred after 7/27 (26%) treatments. Major complications occurred after 3/27 (11%) treatments: hepatic abscess/septicemia (2) and cholecystitis/death (1), resulting in treatment‐induced death after 2/27 (7%) treatments. Median survival time after treatment was 337 days (range, 22‐1061). Dogs with a presenting complaint of weight loss (P = .02) had a significantly shorter median survival time (126 days; range, 46‐337) than those dogs without prior history of weight loss (582 days; range, 22‐1061). Conclusions Drug‐eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization for nonresectable HC is a feasible procedure, which promoted stable disease or partial response in 85% of dogs in this study sample
Some mixed Hodge structure on l^2-cohomology of covering of K\"ahler manifolds
We give methods to compute l^2-cohomology groups of a covering manifolds
obtained by removing pullback of a (normal crossing) divisor to a covering of a
compact K\"ahler manifold. We prove that in suitable quotient categories, these
groups admit natural mixed Hodge structure whose graded pieces are given by
expected Gysin maps.Comment: 40 pages. This revised version will be published in Mathematische
Annale
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