Discretionary Policy versus Non-Discretionary Policy in the Economic Adjustment Process

The study aims to examine the concept of automatic fiscal stabilization in the context of macroeconomic adjustment policies. To this end, first a conceptual distinction between discretionary public adjustment policies and non-discretionary ones is achieved. Second, sufficient and necessary attributes for an automatic fiscal stabilizer are identified and examined, in order to obtain a definition of this instrument. The whole research approach is characterized by a logical and abstract way of thinking, to provide a general and non-contextual result. Finally, a general mechanism of action of automatic fiscal stabilizers is proposed, by introducing the basic concepts of action base and of action rate of such an instrument.sustainability, fiscal policy, automatic fiscal stabilizers, discretionary versus nondiscretionary, principle of the minimal action

About the conceptualization of social innovation

Social innovation is a relatively new analysis subject when it comes to the development of the theoretical approaches which rend the projected social development possible and efficient, but also within the context of other approaches which put emphasis on dispersed knowledge, decentralization and the capacity of communities and social groups to self-organize and formulate specific and new solutions to the issues they are dealing with. When conceptualizing social innovation there is a difficulty in transferring its common meaning, usually linked to particular science and technological cases. In this study, we propose a systematic approach of defining the concept of social innovation, from the perspective of social economy

CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY – A LOGICAL APPROACH

The paper aims to achieve a definition of the concept of sustainability and of sustainable system from a logical perspective. In this respect, it introduces and defines (through the sufficiency predicates) the concept of logically vivid system and, on this basis, are discussed a logical concept of sustainability, respectively of a sustainable system in general are discussed and built up. Sustainability is considered in light of identity preservation of the systems, as a static anchor, on one hand, and of the concept of automatic stabilizers as a dynamic anchor on the other side. Finally, the two sufficiency conditions for a logically vivid system be sustainable are identified: the presence of hyper-cycles, respectively the absence of positive feed-back

Economics related to exploitation of gas wells at constant flow

It is regarded the isotherm movement of gases through a porous and isotropic medium towards a central well, taking into account the deviation from the perfect gases law and the viscosity pressure variation. The resulting model, completed with the specific limit conditions, is approached through a numerical method of solving and is applied to the wells through which the gas fields are exploited at constant flow. For the current exploitation rates of flow the variation curves of gas pressure at top of the well have been determined, thus resulting the flow maximum value after which the extraction process becomes unstable. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/1154

Psycho-Emotional Impact of Anomaly Ultrasound Scan in Romanian Pregnant Women

Objective: Second-trimester anomaly scan was introduced as a regulated practice in Romania in 2019, causing misperceptions and unrealistic expectations about this examination among pregnant women. This study aimed to assess whether second trimester anomaly scan is a reason “per se” for maternal anxiety. Design: A prospective type 1 cohort study was conducted in a tertiary prenatal diagnosis center with three locations in Bucharest, Romania, among pregnant women who underwent a second trimester anomaly scan between 1 December 2019 and 29 February 2020. Main outcome measure: Anxiety at the time of prenatal anomaly scan. Results: Out of the 138 participants, 32.6% believed that the anomaly scan could detect all fetus defects, 13.8% considered that the baby is bothered by the probe “light”, 8.7% believed that the scan could harm the fetus, 96.4% reported that it was a pleasant experience, and 95% felt that it strengthened their bond with the fetus. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) score revealed that women with high state anxiety were more anxious at pre-scan (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Ultrasound scan in the second trimester is correlated with a significant anxiety for women who are prone to this psychological trait. It is also a good opportunity to screen for highly anxious women who could benefit from prenatal psychological counseling to facilitate timely recognition and prevention of postpartum psychiatric disorders such as depression

Baseline characteristics of patients in the reduction of events with darbepoetin alfa in heart failure trial (RED-HF)

<p>Aims: This report describes the baseline characteristics of patients in the Reduction of Events with Darbepoetin alfa in Heart Failure trial (RED-HF) which is testing the hypothesis that anaemia correction with darbepoetin alfa will reduce the composite endpoint of death from any cause or hospital admission for worsening heart failure, and improve other outcomes.</p> <p>Methods and results: Key demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings, along with baseline treatment, are reported and compared with those of patients in other recent clinical trials in heart failure. Compared with other recent trials, RED-HF enrolled more elderly [mean age 70 (SD 11.4) years], female (41%), and black (9%) patients. RED-HF patients more often had diabetes (46%) and renal impairment (72% had an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Patients in RED-HF had heart failure of longer duration [5.3 (5.4) years], worse NYHA class (35% II, 63% III, and 2% IV), and more signs of congestion. Mean EF was 30% (6.8%). RED-HF patients were well treated at randomization, and pharmacological therapy at baseline was broadly similar to that of other recent trials, taking account of study-specific inclusion/exclusion criteria. Median (interquartile range) haemoglobin at baseline was 112 (106–117) g/L.</p> <p>Conclusion: The anaemic patients enrolled in RED-HF were older, moderately to markedly symptomatic, and had extensive co-morbidity.</p&gt

John Kenneth Galbraith, A Life in Order to Fulfill a Perfect Society

John Kenneth Galbraith, an influential liberal economist, best-selling author and former presidential advisor died on Saturday 29th April 2006, at Mount Aubrun Hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was 97 (Reuters, Sun Apr. 30, 2006 4:07 PM ET). Economist and social analyst, researcher and economics professor at Harvard University, Galbraith has been considered by many analysts as “the last American Institutionalist”. His work stands as testimony for an internal kneading of a man with distinguished moral and professional carriage which wholly understood the fate of an intellectual, being in society service and trying to correct its excesses, to find solutions to the problems that society encounters

Epistemological Suggestions in „Entropy Low and Economic Process”

The paper is aimed to derive, on criticism basis (following, especially, the critic rationalism, as method), epistemological suggestions from the crucial work of Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen, “The Entropy Law and the Economic Process”, in order to these suggestions or challenges constitute going points for further logical assessments or polemical debates. By this way, four basic epistemological suggestions are identified: a) inconsistency between the analytical description of the economic process and its evolutionist nature (that implies qualitative changes); b) logical and epistemological bases for the possibility of a theoretical economic science (i.e. of a theory of the economic science); c) impact of the qualitative changes of the economic process on the non-linearity of the economic models for prognosis; d) logics, based on the entropy law, to pass off the rationality of optimality and to enter the rationality of sustainability. Each of these suggestions (explicit or implicit mentioned in the evocated work) plays as rational, for the authors, to formulate epistemological assessments, critics or proposals for solutions aimed at to pass over the arisen epistemological or methodological problems. The authors believe that the entropic paradigm proposed by Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen for the economic epistemology and methodology is one of the most interesting, from the philosophic and logic points of view, having abundant resources to open a re-conceptualization of the logical bases of the economic science, to rethink the theoreticity of the sciences that study fields where evolutive processes are going, and to think, with more maturity, to the way in which the human rationality could answer the challenges the entropy law arises

Cercetări arheologice în zona fostei străzi „Rapsodiei‟ din Tîrgovişte — Biserica Stelea Veche I

Diaconescu Petre, Ionescu Cornel. Cercetări arheologice în zona fostei străzi „Rapsodiei‟ din Tîrgovişte — Biserica Stelea Veche I. In: Materiale şi cercetări arheologice, N°13 1979. A XIII - A sesiune anuală de rapoarte. pp. 353-368

Epistemological Suggestions in „Entropy Low and Economic Process”

The paper is aimed to derive, on criticism basis (following, especially, the critic rationalism, as method), epistemological suggestions from the crucial work of Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen, “The Entropy Law and the Economic Process”, in order to these suggestions or challenges constitute going points for further logical assessments or polemical debates. By this way, four basic epistemological suggestions are identified: a) inconsistency between the analytical description of the economic process and its evolutionist nature (that implies qualitative changes); b) logical and epistemological bases for the possibility of a theoretical economic science (i.e. of a theory of the economic science); c) impact of the qualitative changes of the economic process on the non-linearity of the economic models for prognosis; d) logics, based on the entropy law, to pass off the rationality of optimality and to enter the rationality of sustainability. Each of these suggestions (explicit or implicit mentioned in the evocated work) plays as rational, for the authors, to formulate epistemological assessments, critics or proposals for solutions aimed at to pass over the arisen epistemological or methodological problems. The authors believe that the entropic paradigm proposed by Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen for the economic epistemology and methodology is one of the most interesting, from the philosophic and logic points of view, having abundant resources to open a re-conceptualization of the logical bases of the economic science, to rethink the theoreticity of the sciences that study fields where evolutive processes are going, and to think, with more maturity, to the way in which the human rationality could answer the challenges the entropy law arises