Seroprevalence of brucella spp, lepstospira spp and toxoplasma gondii in wild board (sus scrofa) from southern Brazil.

Abstract:The wild boar (Sus scrofa), exotic invasive specie, is currently distributed in many Brazilian states, including Santa Catarina (SC) and Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Since the wild pigs are susceptible to zoonotic pathogens as Leptospira spp, Toxoplasma gondii and Brucella spp, their large populations, movements and dispersion can spread diseases, being a potential transmission source to humans, livestock and other sylvatic sympatric species. Despite its importance are there few information about sanitary status of this wild populations and their impact for human and livestock health in Brazil. Objective this work was to investigate the presence of antibodies to Brucella spp, Toxoplasma gondii and Leptospira spp in blood samples of wild boar legally hunted for population control in SC and RS states. From January 2014 to July 2016, 193 samples were tested to antibodies against Brucella spp (buffered acidified plate agglutination test-BAPA) and Leptospira spp (micro agglutination test-MAT). Of these 193, 149 were tested to Toxoplasma gondii antibodies (HAI test). Overall, serological results showed negativity to Brucella spp and low prevalence for Toxoplasma gondii (2,7%). On the other hand, the seroprevalence of Leptospira spp was 6,74% with significantly greater percentage of positivity in RS (12,5%) compared to SC (3,88%). The most prevalent serovars ware Icterohaemorragiae and Pomona, with titers ranging from 1:400 to 1:12,800 in RS. Icterohaemorragiae was the most prevalent serovar in SC but with lowest titres. Seroprevalence of these pathogens in wild population indicate the environmental health, including sympatric livestock and wildlife. Ecological factors should be considered to understand the role of wild boars in the cycle of these diseases. Our results indicate that hunters and consumers of wild boar meat of must be aware about zoonotic risk in carcass handling and meat intake.SafePork 2017

Amônia em aviário dark house.

Um dos poluentes aéreos frequentemente encontrados em altas concentrações nos aviários é a amônia a qual é considerada o gás mais prejudicial na produção de aves. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar a concentração de amônia no ar em aviário dark house. Os dados de concentração de amônia no ar foram coletados em 27 pontos no sentido longitudinal do aviário, à altura das aves, no primeiro e nos 21 e 42 dias de vida por seis lotes consecutivos. De acordo com os valores de amônia em cada ponto, foi realizada análise geostatística utilizando o software GS+􀂓. A partir da análise espacial foram confeccionados mapas de isolinhas das medidas de amônia utilizando o software SURFER􀂓. A distribuição de amônia foi heterogênea ao longo do aviário com valor máximo de 29 ppm, 78 ppm e 36 ppm e valor médio de 4,3, 9,2 e 8 ppm, no primeiro dia, 21 e 42 dias de vida das aves, respectivamente. A distribuição de amônia em aviários dark house apresentou variabilidade espacial, sendo os maiores valores na saída do ar. A concentração de amônia apresentou-se abaixo dos limites internacionais para o bem-estar das aves. O monitoramento da amônia deve ser realizado pelo menos em um ponto na região de saída do ar do aviário. Surveys show the direct influence of inadequate housing environment as a factor predisposing to the development of respiratory disease and poor performance of broilers. One of air pollutants often found in high concentrations in poultry is ammonia which is considered the most harmful gas in poultry production. Therefore, we aimed at evaluating the concentration of ammonia in the air inside dark house aviary. Ammonia concentration data in the air were collected in 27 points along longitudinal direction of the aviary at the height of the broilers in the first day and also at the 21st and 42nd days of poultry life for six consecutive batches. According to ammonia values at each point geostatistics analysis was performed using GS+?? software. From the spatial analysis isoline maps of ammonia measurements were made using SURFER ?? software. The ammonia distribution was heterogeneous along the aviary with a maximum of 29 ppm, 78 ppm and 36 ppm, and an average value of 4.3, 9.2 and 8 ppm on day 1, 21 and 42 of poultry life respectively. The ammonia distribution in dark house aviary showed spatial variability, with the highest values in the air outlet. Although ammonia concentration was below the international limits for poultry welfare, the monitoring of ammonia should be performed in the aviary at least at one point in the region of the air outlet

Swine carcasses classified by degree of exudation and marbling content.

The objective of this work was to develop and evaluate prediction equations, based on measurements obtained on the slaughter line, for carcass classification according to the degree of exudation and the content of marbling. A total of 747 pig carcasses originated from 27 producers were randomly selected on the slaughter line at two slaughterhouses, constituting representative samples from each one. Hot carcass weight, loin depth, back fat thickness, and pH and temperature 45 min after slaughter were used to generate the equations. The carcasses were classified as normal or exudative for drip loss of loin and ham, and as acceptable or undesirable for marbling content. For drip loss of loin and ham, respectively, the overall correct classification of the carcasses was 87.3 and 76.8%, using the discriminant functions, for both categories. For marbling, the overall correct classification was 67.2%, and only 69% of the carcasses were correctly classified as acceptable (marbling >1). The equations developed based on the measurements obtained on the slaughter line allow classifying swine carcasses with high accuracy, according to the degree of exudation, but not with the content of marbling

Development of an ELISA test for Salmonella serological monitoring in Brazil

EMBRAPA/CNPSA developed an ELISA test based on LPS antigens from Salmonella Typhimurium. After the optimal dilution determination of the test components, four sera were chosen as controls. The interplate variation was controlled by a coefficient correlation between standard and daily curves of control sera and the coefficient variation of sample sera triplicates. The cut-off was determined by a dispersion analysis in a nursery piglet population proved to be salmonellae negative. The test performance was evaluated in experimentally and naturally S. Typhimurium infected pigs and in animals vaccinated with other Salmonella serovars. The seroconversion was observed after two weeks post inoculation in experimentally infected and vaccinated animals. In naturally infected animals, which were sampled twice during the finishing period, at the first sampling 75 % of pigs were eliminating salmonellae in feces and 25 % were positive in the ELISA. At the second sampling 76.9 % became serologically positive. These results suggest that the developed test can be used for Salmonella Typhimurium monitoring programs in swine

Early immune responses and development of pathogenesis of avian infectious bronchitis viruses with different virulence profiles.

Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) primarily replicates in epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract of chickens, inducing both morphological and immune modulatory changes. However, the association between the local immune responses induced by IBV and the mechanisms of pathogenesis has not yet been completely elucidated. This study compared the expression profile of genes related to immune responses in tracheal samples after challenge with two Brazilian field isolates (A and B) of IBV from the same genotype, associating these responses with viral replication and with pathological changes in trachea and kidney. We detected a suppressive effect on the early activation of TLR7 pathway, followed by lower expression levels of inflammatory related genes induced by challenge with the IBV B isolate when compared to the challenge with to the IBV A isolate. Cell-mediated immune (CMI) related genes presented also lower levels of expression in tracheal samples from birds challenged with B isolate at 1dpi. Increased viral load and a higher percentage of birds with relevant lesions were observed in both tracheal and renal samples from chickens exposed to challenge with IBV B isolate. This differential pattern of early immune responses developed after challenge with IBV B isolate, related to the downregulation of TLR7, leading to insufficient pro-inflammatory response and lower CMI responses, seem to have an association with a most severe renal lesion and an enhanced capability of replication of this isolate in chicken

Acícula de pinus, bagaço de cana, palha de milho, casca de amendoim, capim e maravalha como substratos na compostagem de carcaça de frango de corte.

bitstream/item/50882/1/circular-tecnica-56.pdfProjeto/Plano de Ação: 03.07.94.900-04

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