360 research outputs found
Robert E. Lee
Head portrait of Gen. Robert E. Lee, issued in 1961 by C.S. Hammond & Co. and distributed by Parade Magazine. From a set also including 4 Civil War portraits and map.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-artifacts/3716/thumbnail.jp
Jefferson Davis
Head portrait of Jefferson Davis, issued in 1961 by C.S. Hammond & Co. and distributed by Parade Magazine. From a set also including 4 Civil War portraits and map.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-artifacts/3922/thumbnail.jp
Ulysses S. Grant
Head portrait of Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, issued in 1961 by C.S. Hammond & Co. and distributed by Parade Magazine. From a set also including 4 Civil War portraits and map.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-artifacts/3774/thumbnail.jp
Civil War Map
Civil War map issued in 1961 by C.S. Hammond & Co. and distributed by Parade Magazine. From a set also including portraits (5519.2-5) of Civil War leaders.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-artifacts/4866/thumbnail.jp
Environmental and resource burdens associated with world biofuel production out to 2050:footprint components from carbon emissions and land use to waste arisings and water consumption
Environmental or âecologicalâ footprints have been widely used in recent years as indicators of resource consumption and waste absorption presented in terms of biologically productive land area [in global hectares (gha)] required per capita with prevailing technology. In contrast, âcarbon footprintsâ are the amount of carbon (or carbon dioxide equivalent) emissions for such activities in units of mass or weight (like kilograms per functional unit), but can be translated into a component of the environmental footprint (on a gha basis). The carbon and environmental footprints associated with the world production of liquid biofuels have been computed for the period 2010â2050. Estimates of future global biofuel production were adopted from the 2011 International Energy Agency (IEA) âtechnology roadmapâ for transport biofuels. This suggests that, although first generation biofuels will dominate the market up to 2020, advanced or second generation biofuels might constitute some 75% of biofuel production by 2050. The overall environmental footprint was estimated to be 0.29 billion (bn) gha in 2010 and is likely to grow to around 2.57 bn gha by 2050. It was then disaggregated into various components: bioproductive land, built land, carbon emissions, embodied energy, materials and waste, transport, and water consumption. This componentâbased approach has enabled the examination of the Manufactured and Natural Capital elements of the âfour capitalsâ model of sustainability quite broadly, along with specific issues (such as the linkages associated with the soâcalled energyâlandâwater nexus). Bioproductive land use was found to exhibit the largest footprint component (a 48% share in 2050), followed by the carbon footprint (23%), embodied energy (16%), and then the water footprint (9%). Footprint components related to built land, transport and waste arisings were all found to account for an insignificant proportion to the overall environmental footprint, together amounting to only about 2
HIV seroprevalence and its effect on outcome of moderate to severe burn injuries: A Ugandan experience
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HIV infection in a patient with burn injuries complicates the care of both the patient and the treating burn team. This study was conducted to establish the prevalence of HIV among burn patients in our setting and to compare the outcome of these patients who are HIV positive with those who are HIV negative. This was a prospective cohort study involving burn injury patients admitted to Mulago Hospital between November 2005 and February 2006. Patients were stratified into HIV positive (exposed) group and HIV-negative (unexposed) group. Data was collected using a pre-tested coded questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS statistical computer software version 11.5. Of the 130 patients included in the study, 17 (13.1%) patients tested HIV positive and this formed the study (exposed) group. The remaining 113 patients (86.9%) formed the control (unexposed) group. In the HIV positive group, females outnumbered males by a ratio of 1.4:1 and the mean age was 28.4 ± 21.5 years (range 3 months-34 years). 64.7% of HIV positive patients reported to have risk factors for HIV infection. Of these, multiple sexual partners [Odds Ratio 8.44, 95% C.I. (3.87-143.23), P = 0.011] and alcoholism [Odds Ratio 8.34, 95% C.I. (5.76-17.82), P = 0.002] were found to be independently and significantly associated with increased risk to HIV infection. The mean CD4 count for HIV positive and HIV negative patients were 394 ± 328 cells/ΌL and 912 ± 234 cells/ΌL respectively which is statistically significant (P = 0.001). There was no difference in the bacteria cultured from the wounds of HIV positive and negative patients (P = 0.322). Patients with clinical signs of sepsis had lower CD4+ counts compared to patients without sepsis (P < 0.001). ). Skin grafting was carried out in 35.3% of HIV negative patients and 29.4% of HIV positive patients with no significant difference in skin graft take and the degree of healed burn on discharge was the same (P = 0.324). There was no significant difference in hospital stay between HIV positive and negative patients (P = 0.674). The overall mortality rate was 11.5%. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, mortality rate was found to be independently and significantly related to the age of the patient, HIV positive with stigmata of AIDS, CD4 count, inhalation injury, %TBSA and severity of burn (p-value < 0.001). HIV infection is prevalent among burn injury patients in our setting and thus presents an occupational hazard to health care workers who care for these patients. All burn health care workers in this region need to practice universal precautions in order to reduce the risk of exposure to HIV infection and post-exposure prophylaxis should be emphasized. The outcome of burn injury in HIV infected patients is dependent upon multiple variables such as age of the patient, inhalation injury and %TBSA and not the HIV status alone
Territory, power and statecraft: understanding English devolution
In recent decades, the devolution of power to subnational regional authorities has formed a key element of what has been termed the âunravellingâ or âunbundlingâ of the state in many parts of the world. Even in the United Kingdom, with its distinctive global reputation as a power-hoarding majoritarian democracy, the devolution of powers to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland since 1998 can be located within this broader devolutionary dynamic. In recent years, this process has focused on âthe English questionâ and a reform agenda that claimed to offer a âdevolution revolutionâ. This paper offers the first research-led analysis of the scope, scale and implications of these post-2015 reforms to English governance. It utilizes Jim Bulpittâs statecraft approach to explore the changing nature of centreâperiphery relationships within England. The main conclusion has been that a ârhetoricâreality gapâ currently exists and a âdevolution revolutionâ has not occurred
Reframing professional development through understanding authentic professional learning
Continuing to learn is universally accepted and expected by professionals and other stakeholders across all professions. However, despite changes in response to research findings about how professionals learn, many professional development practices still focus on delivering content rather than enhancing learning. In exploring reasons for the continuation of didactic practices in professional development, this article critiques the usual conceptualization of professional development through a review of recent literature across professions. An alternative conceptualization is proposed, based on philosophical assumptions congruent with evidence about professional learning from seminal educational research of the past two decades. An argument is presented for a shift in discourse and focus from delivering and evaluating professional development programs to understanding and supporting authentic professional learning
Use of alternative and complementary medicine in menopause
Objectives: To review the clinical evidence available for the treatment of menopausal symptoms with alternative and complementary medicine. Methods: The MEDLINE, PREMEDLINE and COCHRANE electronic databases for the years 1980â2002 were searched for articles concerning soy products, black cohosh, dong quai, acupuncture, ginseng and evening primrose oil. Studies pertaining to menopausal vasomotor symptoms, lipid profiles and bone mineral densities of postmenopausal women were included. The data from clinical trials were reviewed. Results: Soy isoflavones slightly decrease total cholesterol and LDL levels. The clinical significance of this small change is yet to be determined. The synthetic isoflavone derivative ipriflavone increases bone mineral density in healthy periâ and postmenopausal women with moderate bone mineral densities. Although earlier reports have claimed that soy is beneficial for the improvement of vasomotor symptoms, recent data do not support this claim. There are insufficient data on the other alternative therapies for treating menopausal symptoms at this time. Conclusion: Alternative and complementary medicine may play a role in the management of menopause, however, wellâdesigned large studies are still needed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135146/1/ijgo195.pd
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