An Eclectic Methodology for Assessment of the Regional Economic Effects of the Femern Belt Link Between Scandinavia and Germany

JENSEN-BUTLER C. and MADSEN B. (1999) An eclectic methodology for assessment of the regional economic effects of the Femern belt link between Scandinavia and Germany, Reg. Studies 33 , 751‐768. The paper describes a theoretically eclectic methodology developed for assessment of the regional economic effects of the proposed fixed link between Denmark and Germany, across the Femern Belt. The methodology is compared with alternative modelling frameworks. Estimates of the regional economic effects of this fixed link are presented, including evaluation of the synergy effects of this link seen in relation to two other fixed links in the Western Baltic. The short and medium term regional economic effects of this infrastructure investment appear to be limited and perhaps greater in regions somewhat more distant from the link. JENSEN-BUTLER C. et MADSEN B. (1999) Une méthodologie éclectique pour évaluer les retombées économiques régionales du Chenal de Femern qui va relier la Scandinavie et l'Allemagne, Reg. Studies 33 , 751-768. Cet article présente une méthodologie théoriquement éclectique qui a été développée afin de permettre une évaluation des retombées économiques régionales de la liaison fixe qui va relier le Danemark et l'Allemagne à travers le Chenal de Femern. La méthodologie se voit comparer à d'autres structures de modélisation. On présente des estimations des retombées économiques régionales de cette liaison fixe, y compris une évaluation de la synergie de cette liaison par rapport à deux autres liaisons fixes situées dans la Baltique occidentale. Il semble que les retombées économiques régionales à moyen terme de cet investissement sont limitées et sont d'autant plus importantes que les régions sont plus éloignées de la liaison. JENSEN-BUTLER C. und MADSEN B. (1999) Eine eklektische Methodik zur Einschätzung regionalwirtschaftlicher Auswirkungen der Fehmarn Beltverbindung zwischen Skandinavien und Deutschland, Reg. Studies 33 , 751‐768. Dieser Aufsatz beschreibt eine theoretisch eklektische Methodik, die zur Einschätzung der regionalwirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen der geplanten festen Verbindung zwischen Dänemark und Deutschland über den Fehmarn Belt entwickelt worden ist. Die Methodik wird mit alternativen Rahmenmodellen verglichen. Es werden Schätzungen der regionalwirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen dieser festen Verbindung vorgelegt, einschließlich der Bewertung synergetischer Wirkungen dieser Verbindung in bezug auf zwei andere feste Verbindungen in der westlichen Ostsee. Die mittelfristigen regionalwirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen dieser infrastrukturellen Investierung scheinen begrenzt zu sein, jedoch möglicherweise größer in Gebieten, die weiter von der Verbindung entfernt liegen.Transport Infrastructure, Regional Economic Effects, Synergy Effects, Evaluation Models,

Morphometric analysis of telencephalic structure in a variety of neognath and paleognath bird species reveals regional differences associated with specific behavioral traits

Birds exhibit a huge array of behavior, ecology and physiology, and occupy nearly every environment on earth, ranging from the desert outback of Australia to the tropical rain forests of Panama. Some birds have adopted a fully nocturnal lifestyle, such as the barn owl and kiwi, while others, such as the albatross, spend nearly their entire life flying over the ocean. Each species has evolved unique adaptations over millions of years to function in their respective niche. In order to increase processing power or network efficiency, many of these adaptations require enlargements and/or specializations of the brain as a whole or of specific brain regions. In this study, we examine the relative size and morphology of 9 telencephalic regions in a number of Paleognath and Neognath birds and relate the findings to differences in behavior and sensory ecology. We pay particular attention to those species that have undergone a relative enlargement of the telencephalon to determine whether this relative increase in telencephalic size is homogeneous across different brain regions or whether particular regions have become differentially enlarged. The analysis indicates that changes in the relative size of telencephalic regions are not homogeneous, with every species showing hypertrophy or hypotrophy of at least one of them. The three-dimensional structure of these regions in different species was also variable, in particular that of the mesopallium in kiwi. The findings from this study provide further evidence that the changes in relative brain size in birds reflect a process of mosaic evolution