19 research outputs found
Population-based prevalence of cervical infection with human papillomavirus genotypes 16 and 18 and other high risk types in Tlaxcala, Mexico
This study was supported by the National Institute of Public Health of
Mexico, the Coordinación de Investigación en Salud del Instituto Mexicano
del Seguro Social, the Secretaría de Salud Tlaxcala, the Instituto Nacional de
las Mujeres, and the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [FOSISS 2013
202468]. Additional support has been provided by Roche Diagnostics, BD
Diagnostics, DICIPA and Arbor Vita Corporation. The study sponsors did not
played a role in designing the study, collecting, analyzing or interpreting the
data, writing the report, or submitting this paper for publication. UC Berkeley
Center for Global Public Health, Schoeneman Grant, Joint Medical Program
Thesis Grant, and Cancer Research UK (C569/A10404)
Metformin as an Adjunctive Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer: A Review of the Literature on Its Potential Therapeutic Use
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has the worst prognosis of any cancer. New adjuvant chemotherapies are urgently required, which are well tolerated by patients with unresectable cancers. This paper reviews the existing proof of concept data, namely laboratory, pharmacoepidemiological, experimental medicine and clinical trial evidence for investigating metformin in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Laboratory evidence shows metformin inhibits mitochondrial ATP synthesis which directly and indirectly inhibits carcinogenesis. Drug–drug interactions of metformin with proton pump inhibitors and histamine H2-receptor antagonists may be of clinical relevance and pertinent to future research of metformin in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. To date, most cohort studies have demonstrated a positive association with metformin on survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, although there are many methodological limitations with such study designs. From experimental medicine studies, there are sparse data in humans. The current trials of metformin have methodological limitations. Two small randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reported null findings, but there were potential inequalities in cancer staging between groups and poor compliance with the intervention. Proof of concept data, predominantly from laboratory work, supports assessing metformin as an adjunct for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in RCTs. Ideally, more experimental medicine studies are needed for proof of concept. However, many feasibility criteria need to be answered before such trials can progress
Perspectives on environmental management accounting (EMA) in South Africa
Conventional management accounting practices do not provide adequate information for managing the
environment in a world where environmental concerns, as well as environment-related costs, revenues, and
benefits, are on the rise. Environmental management accounting (EMA) is a tool used for balancing the
interaction between the economic, social and technological factors in the development process to achieve
conditions for sustainable development.
In this study, a survey and case study technique is used to document a South African perspective on EMA. The
findings indicate that, while EMA is gaining increasing awareness, its application is still at its infancy. Some of
the elements of EMA may be found in practice, but they are not called EMA. Based on the findings, ten steps
for implementing EMA are suggested