New microsatellite loci for annatto (Bixa orellana), a source of natural dyes from Brazilian Amazonia

Annatto (Bixa orellana) is a tropical crop native to the Americas with Amazonia as the likely center of origin of domestication. Annatto is important because it produces the dye bixin, which is widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and textile industries. A total of 32 microsatellite loci were isolated from a microsatellite-enriched genomic library, of which 12 polymorphic loci were used to characterize four populations of B. orellana and B. orellana var. urucurana, the wild relative. Higher genetic diversity estimates were detected for the wild populations when compared to the cultivated populations. Also, higher apparent outcrossing rates were found for the two wild than the cultivated populations. These results indicate a mixed mating system for the species. All markers described herein have potential to be used in further studies evaluating the genetic diversity, population dynamics, domestication, breeding, and conservation genetics of annatto. © 2018, Brazilian Society of Plant Breeding. All rights reserved

Defatting of annatto seeds using supercritical carbon dioxide as a pretreatment for the production of bixin: Experimental, modeling and economic evaluation of the process

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)In this work, supercritical CO2 extraction for defatting of annatto seeds was studied; the objective was to obtain an extract rich in tocotrienols and the defatted rich-bixin seeds. The process conditions were selected from global yield isotherms assays performed at 313 and 333 K, and 20,31, and 40 MPa; the ratio of solvent mass (S) to feed mass (F) was 35. For this S/F the highest extraction yield was 22 mg of extract/g dried seeds obtained at 333 K and 40 MPa. At these conditions a kinetic experiment was done to estimate the required parameters needed to estimate the cost of manufacturing (COM). COM was estimated using a commercial simulator; the model SFE plant had two extractor vessels in order to simulate continuous operation. A pilot plant size unit and two industrial size units were considered. The COM decreased from 124.58 to 109.27 US$/kg of extract as the extraction vessels capacities increased from 0.1 and 0.5 m(3); for the pilot plant with 2 vessels of 0.005 m(3) the COM was 300.00 US$/kg of extract. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.66SI8695Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)CNPq [143092-2008-1]FAPESP [2009/17234-9

Precipitation of particles using combined high turbulence extraction assisted by ultrasound and supercritical antisolvent fractionation

High Turbulence Extraction Assisted by Ultrasound combined with Supercritical Antisolvent Fractionation (SAF) was done to intensify the recovery of bixin and phenolic compounds from semi-defatted annatto seeds. Annatto seeds are extensively used due to its colorant properties and bioactive potential in human health. Modifications were performed in the SAF experimental apparatus in order to prevent losses of product. Results show that supercritical fractionation resulted in particle yields between 72.2–80.5%, 20–50% phenolics, and 66% bixin.3549CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP302423/2015-088882.305824/2013-012015/13299-