The chemical complexity of Yaji: A Nigerian Suya meat sauce inducing Scientific Investigations

In various published studies, Yaji has been described as ‘a complex Nigerian meat sauce’ based on its numerous active ingredients. This complexity tag, coupled with the high consumption rate as well as the large consuming population, have triggered a series of research efforts aimed at determining the positive and negative potentials ofYaji. Currently, there are numerous scientific and analytical reports in this direction. But as revealing as the reports have been, none of them has been dedicated to unveiling the chemical bases upon which Yaji is described as ‘complex’. Therefore, for completeness sake as regards the knowledge on Yaji, this review paper examines its chemical complexity with a view of providing information that would justify the need for the regulation of Yaji production on one hand, and the need for a moderated consumption on the other; considering the chemical interplay that might be associated with an excessive consumption of Yaji.Key Words: Suya sauce, chemical complexity, excessive consumption, Yaji, Yaji-spices,Yaji-additive

Calcium supplementation to prevent pre-eclampsia: protocol for an individual participant data meta- analysis, network meta-analysis and health economic evaluation

The UKRI Medical Research Council supports this work—Global Maternal and Neonatal Health grant number MR/T010185/1. This work is also funded by the UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research (SRH), WHO. JPV is supported by the NHMRC Investigator grant.IntroductionLow dietary calcium intake is a risk factor for pre-eclampsia, a major contributor to maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Calcium supplementation can prevent pre-eclampsia in women with low dietary calcium. However, the optimal dose and timing of calcium supplementation are not known. We plan to undertake an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of randomised trials to determine the effects of various calcium supplementation regimens in preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications and rank these by effectiveness. We also aim to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of calcium supplementation to prevent pre-eclampsia.Methods and analysisWe will identify randomised trials on calcium supplementation before and during pregnancy by searching major electronic databases including Embase, CINAHL, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, PubMed, Scopus, AMED, LILACS, POPLINE, AIM, IMSEAR, ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, without language restrictions, from inception to February 2022. Primary researchers of the identified trials will be invited to join the International Calcium in Pregnancy Collaborative Network and share their IPD. We will check each study's IPD for consistency with the original authors before standardising and harmonising the data. We will perform a series of one-stage and two-stage IPD random-effect meta-analyses to obtain the summary intervention effects on pre-eclampsia with 95% CIs and summary treatment-covariate interactions (maternal risk status, dietary intake, timing of intervention, daily dose of calcium prescribed and total intake of calcium). Heterogeneity will be summarised using tau(2), I-2 and 95% prediction intervals for effect in a new study. Sensitivity analysis to explore robustness of statistical and clinical assumptions will be carried out. Minor study effects (potential publication bias) will be investigated using funnel plots. A decision analytical model for use in low-income and middle-income countries will assess the cost-effectiveness of calcium supplementation to prevent pre-eclampsia.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approvals are required. We will store the data in a secure repository in an anonymised format. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021231276.UKRI Medical Research Council MR/T010185/1UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World BankNHMRC Investigato

LAS ALCARAVANERAS. SACANDO EL CHICHORRO [Material gráfico]

ADQUIRIDA POR EL COLECCIONISTA EN LAS PALMAS G.C.FOTO POSTAL DE LAS PALMAS DE GRAN CANARIA, PLAYA DE LAS ALCARAVANERAS, PESCA DEL CHINCHORROCopia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 201

EN CAMELLO POR EL PUENTE DE PIEDRA [Material gráfico]

ADQUIRIDA POR EL COLECCIONISTA EN LAS PALMAS G.C.FOTO POSTAL DE LAS PALMAS DE GRAN CANARIA, ESCENA EN EL PUENTE DE PIEDRA, SEÑOR SOBRE CAMELLOCopia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 201

TERAPI DZIKIR TERHADAP MENTAL HEALTH MENURUT USTADZ MUHAMMAD ARIFIN ILHAM (Telaah Perspektif Bimbingan dan Konseling)

Terapi dzikir terhadap mental health menurut Ustadz Muhammad Arifin Ilham (telaah perspektif bimbingan dan konseling). penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh fenomena kehidupan manusia yang dewasa ini mengalami ‘kegersangan’ hati dan jiwa karena kelalaian dan ulah manusia sehingga ia kehilangan esensi hidup, yakni beribadah, menyembah kepada Allah SWT. Maka dengan sebab itu, manusia kehilangan arah dan terjadilah ‘bencana’ jiwa atau kehilangan akal sehat untuk dapat bersikap sebagaimana mestinya. Muhammad Arifin Ilham memberikan solusinya melalui dzikir, baik dzikir hati, dzikir amal, dzikir akal, dan dzikir lisan. Terkait dengan Mental Health (kesehatan mental) Dzikir juga dapat menjadi terapi bagi jiwa agar terhindar dari neurosis (gangguan mental), dan psikosis (penyakit mental). Sikap dan penerimaan yang humanistik terhadap setiap individu yang ditemui Arifin Ilham ia memandang bahwa setiap manusia memiliki karakter dasar penghambaan yang kuat terhadap Tuhannya, sehingga proses pemberian bantuan terhadap individu dan jamaah pada umumnya melalui media dzikir, dakwah ilallah serta bimbingan rohani dapat menjadi solusi dalam melembutkan hati yang keras dan mencerahkan hati yang menghitam akibat dosa, khilaf dan kesalahan. Dakwah melalui pelayanan dzikir ini pada dasarnya merupakan dakwah dalam bentuk lisan dengan mauidzoh hasanah (nasihat yang baik); bimbingan yang berkesesuaian dengan ajaran Al Qur’an yang memandang bahwa manusia diciptakan dengan dibekali fitrah (potensi kesucian), yaitu selalu ingin berperilaku baik, benar, dan berbagai hal positif lainnya. Karena melalui tahapan nasihat dan ucapan yang lembut sehingga dapat mengetuk hati dan mengajak hamba-hamba Allah untuk mau berhijrah dan menata hidup yang diridloi Allah SWT. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa menurut Ustadz Muhammad Arifin Ilham, kenikmatan dzikir mengundang surga. Kelezatan dalam berdzikir, kesenangan dalam berdzikir, kesenangan dalam ibadah, semangat beramal saleh, kemudian berakhlak mulia. Dzikir dapat mewujudkan kebahagiaan dan kesejahteraan dunia dan akhirat dalam ridlo Allah SWT., dan dengan bimbingan melalui media dzikir ini cara yang dianggap paling mudah dilakukan karena kita hanya berbekal kemauan dan tekad terlebih hanya melalui bibir dan hati yang menyatu dengan ucapan sehingga menciptakan suasana amalan yang khusyu’