Development of Early Stage Diabetes Prediction Model Based on Stacking Approach

Diabetes is a disease that may pose direct or indirect risks in terms of human health. Early diagnosis can minimize the potential harm of this disease to the body and reduce the probability of death. For this reason, laboratory tests are performed on diabetic patients. The analysis of these tests enables the diagnosis of diabetes. The aim of this study is so quickly diagnose diabetes by using data obtained from patients with machine learning methods. In order to diagnose the disease, k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF) models and the stacking meta model which is created by combining these three models were used. The dataset used in the research includes test samples taken from 520 people. The dataset has 17 features, including 16 input features and 1 output feature. As a result of the classification through this dataset, different classification results were obtained from the models. The classification success of the models LR, k-NN, RF and stacking were found to be 91.3%, 91.7%, 97.9% and 99.6%, respectively. F-score, precision and recall performance metrics were utilized for a detailed analysis of the models\u27 classification results. The obtained results revealed that the stacking model has a sufficient level to be used as a decision support system in the early diagnosis of diabetes

FEATURE EXTRACTION AND RECOGNITION ON TRAFFIC SIGN IMAGES

FEATURE EXTRACTION AND RECOGNITION ON TRAFFIC SIGN IMAGESAbstractIt is vital that the traffic signs used to ensure the order of the traffic are perceived by the drivers. Traffic signs have international standards that allow the driver to learn about the road and the environment while driving. Traffic sign recognition systems have recently started to be used in vehicles in order to improve traffic safety. Machine learning methods are used in the field of image recognition. Deep learning methods increase the classification success by extracting the hidden and interesting features in the image. Images contain many features and this situation can affect success in classification problems. It can also reveal the need for high-capacity hardware. In order to solve these problems, convolutional neural networks can be used to extract meaningful features from the image. In this study, we created a dataset containing 1500 images of 14 different traffic signs that are frequently used on Turkey highways. The features of the images in this dataset were extracted using convolutional neural networks from deep learning architectures. The 1000 features obtained were classified using the Random Forest method from machine learning algorithms. 93.7% success was achieved as a result of this classification process.Keywords: Classification, Convolution neural network, Feature extraction, Random forest, Traffic signsTRAFİK İŞARETİ GÖRÜNTÜLERİNDE ÖZELLİK ÇIKARMA VE TANIMAÖzetTrafiğin düzenini sağlamak amacıyla kullanılan trafik levhalarını sürücülerin algılaması hayati önem taşımaktadır. Sürüş esnasında sürücünün yol ve çevre hakkında bilgi edinebilmesini sağlayan trafik levhaları uluslararası standartlara sahiptir. Trafik levhası tanıma sistemleri son zamanlarda trafik güvenliğini arttırmak amacıyla araçlarda kullanılmaya başlamıştır. Makine öğrenmesi yöntemleri görüntü tanıma alanında kullanılmaktadır.  Derin öğrenme yöntemleri, görüntüde yer alan gizli ve ilginç özellikleri çıkarak sınıflandırma başarısını arttırmaktadır. Görüntüler çok sayıda özellik içermektedir ve bu durum sınıflandırma problemlerinde başarıyı etkileyebilmektedir. Ayrıca yüksek kapasiteli donanım gereksinimini de ortaya çıkarabilmektedir. Bu sorunların çözülebilmesi için görüntüden anlamlı özelliklerin çıkarılmasında konvolüsyonel sinir ağları kullanılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’deki karayollarında sıklıkla kullanılan 14 farklı trafik levhasına ait 1500 görüntü içeren bir veriseti tarafımızca oluşturulmuştur. Bu veriseti kullanılarak derin öğrenme mimarilerinden konvolüsyonel sinir ağları kullanılarak görüntülerin özellikleri çıkarılmıştır. Elde edilen 1000 özellik makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarından Random Forest yöntemi kullanılarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Bu sınıflandırma işlemi sonucunda %93.7 başarı elde edilmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Konvolüsyonel sinir ağları, Özellik çıkarma, Random forest, Sınıflandırma, Trafik işaretleri

The Effects of Yeast Glucomannan (Mycosorb) on Lipid Peroxidation and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidative Status in Experimentally Induced Aflatoxicosis in Broilers

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of yeast glucomannan (Mycosorb), an aflatoxin binder, on lipid peroxidation and non-enzymatic antioxidative status in experimentally induced aflatoxicosis in broilers. Forty, I-day-old male broiler (Ross 308) chickens were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 birds each. The control group was fed a basal diet and the remaining groups received 0.75 g kg(-1) Mycosorb, 2 ppm Aflatoxin (AF) and 0.75 g kg(-1) Mycosorb +2 ppm Aflatoxin (AF) for 21 days. At the end of day 21, blood samples were collected and plasma Malondialdehyde (MDA), Ceruloplasmin (CP), albumin (alb), uric acid, vitamin A (vit A), beta-carotene, vitamin C (vit C) and vitamin E (vit E) levels were determined. Plasma MDA levels increased insignificantly and A levels decreased significantly in AF and AF+Mycosorb groups when compared to control and mycosorb groups. Plasma CP, vit A and beta-carotene levels decreased significantly in AF groups when compared to control. In AF and AF+Mycosorb group, significant decreases were determined in vit E levels when compared to control and in vit C levels when compared to mycosorb group. Plasma uric acid levels were not affected by these treatments. It is concluded that subacute dietary intake of AF altered nonenzymatic components (CP, alb, vit A, beta carotene, Vit E) of antioxidant defense systems and 0,75 g kg(-1) yeast glucomannan was not sufficient to ameliorate the oxidative damage caused by AF in broilers

The Effects of Yeast Glucomannan (Mycosorb) on Lipid Peroxidation and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidative Status in Experimentally Induced Aflatoxicosis in Broilers

WOS: 000262560800003The aim of this study was to determine the effect of yeast glucomannan (Mycosorb), an aflatoxin binder, on lipid peroxidation and non-enzymatic antioxidative status in experimentally induced aflatoxicosis in broilers. Forty, I-day-old male broiler (Ross 308) chickens were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 birds each. The control group was fed a basal diet and the remaining groups received 0.75 g kg(-1) Mycosorb, 2 ppm Aflatoxin (AF) and 0.75 g kg(-1) Mycosorb +2 ppm Aflatoxin (AF) for 21 days. At the end of day 21, blood samples were collected and plasma Malondialdehyde (MDA), Ceruloplasmin (CP), albumin (alb), uric acid, vitamin A (vit A), beta-carotene, vitamin C (vit C) and vitamin E (vit E) levels were determined. Plasma MDA levels increased insignificantly and A levels decreased significantly in AF and AF+Mycosorb groups when compared to control and mycosorb groups. Plasma CP, vit A and beta-carotene levels decreased significantly in AF groups when compared to control. In AF and AF+Mycosorb group, significant decreases were determined in vit E levels when compared to control and in vit C levels when compared to mycosorb group. Plasma uric acid levels were not affected by these treatments. It is concluded that subacute dietary intake of AF altered nonenzymatic components (CP, alb, vit A, beta carotene, Vit E) of antioxidant defense systems and 0,75 g kg(-1) yeast glucomannan was not sufficient to ameliorate the oxidative damage caused by AF in broilers

The Effect of Organic Selenium and Vitamin E on Performance, Internal Organ Weight and Blood Parameters in Broiler Rations

WOS: 000273756600005This study was conducted to investigate the effects of rations containing organic selenium and Vitamin E on live weight, live weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, internal organ weights and blood parameters of broiler chicks. A total of 120, one day old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were used in this study. There were 4 treatment groups each containing 10 chicks of 3 replicates. The control group (K) was fed a basal diet without supplemented organic selenium (Se) and Vitamin E. Treatment groups were fed with 0.6 ppm organic selenium (Sel-Plex) (Se); 150 IU/kg Vitamin E (E) and 0.6 ppm organik selenium (Sel-Plex) + 150 IU Vitamin E (Se+E). The experiment lasted 42 days. There were no significant differences live weight, feed consumption, feed efficiency and relative internal organ weight among the groups (P>0.05). Serum vitamin E levels were higher in vitamin E (E) supplemented group than in other groups (P<0.05)

The effect of prebiotic and organic zinc alone and in combination in broiler diets on the performance and some blood parameters

WOS: 000310732000007This study was conducted to investigate the effects of prebiotic and organic zinc alone and in combination in broiler diets on the live weight gain (LWG), feed consumption (FC), feed consumption ratio (FCR), carcass yield, some relative organ weights and blood parameters. A total of 160 Ross 308 one-day old male chicks were assigned to 4 treatment groups with 4 replicates of 10 birds each. Treatment for each group consisted of: first group (control group) received basal diet without supplementation; second group received 1 g/kg Mannano ligosaccharide (MOS); third group received 80 mg/kg organic zinc (OZn); and fourth group received 80 mg/kg organic zinc + 1 g/kg Mannanoligosaccharide (MOS+OZn). The study lasted 42 days. The supplementation of MOS and OZn had no effect on the LWG, FC, FCR, carcass yield, serum aspartate aminotranferase, (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and triglyceride levels during the experiment (P>0.05). Relative organ weights (liver, spleen, pancreas) were significantly higher in OZn group than those in the other groups (P<0.001). There was a significant difference in serum total cholesterol and glucose levels between treatment groups and control group (P<0.001). Serum Zn and Fe levels were significantly lower in control group than those in OZn and MOS+OZn groups (P<0.001). The highest and the lowest Cu levels were in the MOS+OZn and control groups, respectively (P<0.001). These data suggest that OZn with MOS combination may have a beneficial effect on serum mineral level in broilers.Kirikkale UniversityKirikkale University [2008/38]this study was funded by the Kirikkale University Research Fund, project n. 2008/38

Cadmium Induced Changes on Growth Performance, Some Biochemical Parameters and Tissue in Broilers: Effects of Vitamin C and Vitamin E

ORUC, Ertan/0000-0003-4234-8219;WOS: 000294653200005This study was performed to determine the effects of vitamin C (vit C) and vitamin E (vit E) on growth performance, some biochemical parameters and tissue changes in broiler chickens exposed to cadmium (Cd). One hundred twenty, 1-day-old, Ross broiler chicks were divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates and fed with a basal diet (control) or the basal diet supplemented with 60 mg kg(-1) Cd, 60 mg kg(-1) Cd+400 mg kg(-1) vit C, or 60 mg kg(-1) Cd+250 mg kg(-1) vit E for 42 days. Body weight (BW), Body Weight Gain (BWG) and Feed Consumption (FC) were recorded and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. Plasma were analysed for aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) activities and total protein, total cholesterol and creatinine levels. Cadmium significantly decreased the BW (p<0.001), BWG (p<0.001), FC (p<0.001) and FCR (p<0.05) compared with the control group. Regarding the same groups plasma and kidney Cd (p<0.001) and AST (p<0.05) and GGT activities (p<0.01) were increased. While growth performance were not affected in vit C and vit E supplementated group compared with the Cd-only group, these treatments reduced plasma Cd and GGT activities. Furthermore vit C was more effective in reducing Cd accumulation in kidneys and liver.Kirikkale UniversityKirikkale University [2005/10]This study was supported by the Kirikkale University Research Fund, Project No: 2005/10. Some part of the data of this article was presented as an abstract at the 3 Veterinary Biochemistry and Clinic Biochemistry Congress. Konya, Turkey

Effects of Supplemental Epigallocatechin Gallate in the Diet of Broilers Exposed to Fluoride Intoxication

WOS: 000446972000027PubMed: 29549531We evaluated the effects of dietary epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the performance, biochemical parameters, and liver histopathology of fluoride-intoxicated broiler chickens. In total, 160 1-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross PM3 strain) were collected and assigned to four groups (40 animals each), with four replicates. The control group received a basal diet; the F group received 800mg/kg fluoride; the EGCG group received 400mg/kg EGCG; and the EGCG+F group received 400mg/kg EGCG and 800mg/kg fluoride. The live weight (LW) of F-treated chicks was significantly lower than that of the controls. In the F-treated groups, feed intake (FI) and LW values were lower, but the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was higher than those of the controls. The ratio of heart weight to LW was found to be the highest in the F-treated groups. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total oxidant status (TOS) levels in the F-treated groups were significantly higher, whereas the increase in total cholesterol levels was insignificant than those in the control group. In the EGCG+F group, AST, total cholesterol, and TOS levels decreased to a level comparable to those in the control group. Histopathological evaluation revealed that there were mild changes in the portal region in the EGCG+F group; additionally, there was an improvement in liver morphology in the EGCG+F group compared to that in the F group. Thus, EGCG has potent antioxidant and regenerative effects that can ameliorate the detrimental effects of fluoride toxicity on blood parameters and the liver.Scientific Research Fund in the University of KirikkaleKirikkale University [2014/126]This research was supported by the Scientific Research Fund in the University of Kirikkale (Project No: 2014/126)

Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Vitamin C and Vitamin E and Their Combination on Growth Performance, Some Biochemical Parameters, and Oxidative Stress Induced by Copper Toxicity in Broilers

KISA, Ucler/0000-0002-8131-6810;WOS: 000334500000008PubMed: 24615553This study investigated effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin C, vitamin E on performance, biochemical parameters, and oxidative stress induced by copper toxicity in broilers. A total of 240, 1-day-old, broilers were assigned to eight groups with three replicates of 10 chicks each. The groups were fed on the following diets: control (basal diet), vitamin C (250 mg/kg diet), vitamin E (250 mg/kg diet), vitamin C + vitamin E (250 mg/kg + 250 mg/kg diet), and copper (300 mg/kg diet) alone or in combination with the corresponding vitamins. At the 6th week, the body weights of broilers were decreased in copper, copper + vitamin E, and copper + vitamin C + vitamin E groups compared to control. The feed conversion ratio was poor in copper group. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase activities, iron, copper concentrations, and erythrocyte malondialdehyde were increased; plasma vitamin A and C concentrations and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase were decreased in copper group compared to control. Glutathione peroxidase, vitamin C, and iron levels were increased; aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and copper levels were decreased in copper + vitamin C group, while superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and vitamin E concentrations were increased; aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase were decreased in copper with vitamin E group compared to copper group. The vitamin C concentrations were increased; copper, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and malondialdehyde were decreased in copper + vitamin C + vitamin E group compared to copper group. To conclude, copper caused oxidative stress in broilers. The combination of vitamin C and vitamin E addition might alleviate the harmful effects of copper as demonstrated by decreased lipid peroxidation and hepatic enzymes.Kirikkale University Research FundKirikkale University [2008/40]Financial support for this Project (Project No. 2008/40) was provided by the Kirikkale University Research Fund

Maize seeds forecasting with hybrid directional and bi-directional long short-term memory models

The purity of the seeds is one of the important factors that increase the yield. For this reason, the classification of maize cultivars constitutes a significant problem. Within the scope of this study, six different classification models were designed to solve this problem. A special dataset was created to be used in the models designed for the study. The dataset contains a total of 14,469 images in four classes. Images belong to four different maize types, BT6470, CALIPOS, ES_ARMANDI, and HIVA, taken from the BIOTEK company. AlexNet and ResNet50 architectures, with the transfer learning method, were used in the models created for the image classification. In order to improve the classification success, LSTM (Directional Long Short-Term Memory) and BiLSTM (Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory) algorithms and AlexNet and ResNet50 architectures were hybridized. As a result of the classifications, the highest classification success was obtained from the ResNet50+BiLSTM model with 98.10%