Choosing Democracy: Citizen Attitudes and the Eastern Enlargement of the European Union

Digitised version produced by the EUI Library and made available online in 2020

"Women's rights, the European Court and Supranational Constitutionalism"

This analysis examines supranational constitutionalism in the European Union. In particular, the study focuses on the role of the European Court of Justice in the creation of women’s rights. I examine the interaction between the Court and member state governments in legal integration, and also the integral role that women’s advocates – both individual activists and groups – have played in the development of EU social provisions. The findings suggest that this litigation dynamic can have the effect of fueling the integration process by creating new rights that may empower social actors and EU organizations, with the ultimate effect of diminishing member state government control over the scope and direction of EU law. This study focuses specifically on gender equality law, yet provides a general framework for examining the case law in subsequent legal domains, with the purpose of providing a more nuanced understanding of supranational governance and constitutionalism

The Lantern, 2012-2013

• How They Run • What Was Said in Boston • On the Last Day of the Month • An Angel Tries to Surprise Humans • I Wonder if God Modeled Boys After Books • Marred with Modern Scars • Feather Bed • Ode to a Pen • Objet Petit A • Breaking News: Grownups Fear Return of Disco • Neuroscience • New Document • We Were Stars, and the Sky was Our Grass • About a Man • Trojan • An Ode • Yr Body Sour • That Lake in Jamaica • Live While Chiefs are Still Fighting • Lament for Mathematics • The Robert Frost House • People Fell in Love on Me • Sunday Review • Looks Silly in Tiny Desk Chairs • Two Years Later • Better Than Nothing • Istanbul • Packs of Cigarettes • Sonnet • Outside King of Steaks • Obstinance • Coffee Grinds • Autumn Equinox • Homecoming • Oh, San Francisco • Slide: A Beginning • Slowly Last Summer • Of Dogs and Men • Letters Not Sent • Before the Race • The Little Things • Tarpon Springs • Payment for Rebellion • Wednesday • When is President\u27s Day? • Heartless Parallels and Perpendiculars • Railway • Presto Agitato • Easier Said Than Done • Waves • Four White Women • Rope • Alter Ego Self Portrait • Pebbles • Coney Island • Guanjuanto • Growth • Evolve • Winter Blackout • Honeybee • Frames • Wanderlust • Guiding Light 1 • Frick\u27s Lock • The Ones That Never Leave • In Memoriam: Rachel Blunthttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1179/thumbnail.jp

The Lantern, 2010-2011

• The Graterford Department of Corrections • Visiting Room: Lewis Considers the Space & Time Continuum • String • The Tale of Lad Wadley • The Devout • One Moment in the Garden • Water, Focused and Tumbling • Bomber • Another • I Walked Home • Perhe • I Describe the Last Time My Parents Had Sex • Butterflies • Ship Without Fools • The Interview • Cyane • An Imaginary Portrait of Stella as a Young Girl • At the Farm Market in Early Autumn • Victor Jorgenson\u27s Photograph of the V-J Day Kiss • Lightning • The Citadel • Whenever You Come Home From School • It Came in a Dream • What I Know About Fission • Please Don\u27t Fire Me for Saying Such Things • Femina Irata • Thank You For Shopping • Sunday, November 27th • An Introduction to The Lifestyle • Laid-Off Perception • Good-Night, Sweet Prince • Requiem for a Marriage • Gertrude\u27s Book • Passing • Elk Run II • Shady Tides • A Quiet House • Tell Him. A Manual • Silence • Google This • The Dinner Table Dance • The Inevitable Extinction of Filing Cabinets • Chateau d\u27If • Man Smoking in Charcoal • Inside Auschwitz • Bark Glow • Anticipation • Look Up • Major News Networks • Others Wage War • Insert Bible Verse Here • The Empress • Candy Castle • Venice, Italy • Quebec • Bhutanese Child • Jumper • Pomegranates • Cover Image: Octopus Hathttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1176/thumbnail.jp

The Lantern, 2011-2012

• Frangipani • A Shadow • Dear Anne, In this Place, Stringbean Girls • Back to a Dandelion • How to Plant a Room • Swimming Pool Poem 30 • The Naming of Daughters • Berman Museum Photographs • Truth or Dare • The Song of Remembrance, L\u27vov, Poland, 1940 • Headlights • Prayer of Thanks • Numbers Game • Pediment • Home Sick • Lust • Sand Lining Instructions • A-A-Ask a Question • Flash Cards • Columbus Day • Mr. Yoest Gives His Report to the Police Officers on Wednesday Night • Gender Trouble • The Internet Connection at Ursinus College • Assuming You\u27ll Still be Here • 10/28/11, Third Poem • October • Actions that Affirm and Confirm Us as a Community • Why I Hate The Lantern • Confessions of an Ex-Vegetarian • Run • Lunch at Caltort • Schemers • You Will Make Beautiful Babies in America • The Black Dirt Region • Il Travatore • Ghost Story • Blue Eyes and Sunny Skies • A Little Sincerity • The Bookstore • The Opposite of Serendipity • The Human Doll • Evil Deeds • Francesca • Sunday Morning • Jersey Aesthetic • Jump! • Behind Reimert • Seaweed in New Zealand • Tombee de L\u27elegance • The Window • Esperando • Rainbow to the Heavens • Encased • In Springtime • A Fiesolan Monk\u27s Room • Inside a Bone • Neon Indian • Moments of Clarity • OneFeral: A Feral Self-Portrait • Cover Image: The Conquerorhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1177/thumbnail.jp

Sustaining Democracy: A Study of Authoritarianism and Personalism in Irish Political Culture

The need for political participation dominates our theoretical understandings of democratic stability. Furthermore, prevailing democratic political culture models extol a mixed culture of participants and warn of the dangers of wide spread deference. This paper tests the ability of these models to account for democratic societies characterized by high levels of deferential and personalistic political behavior. The analysis examines how a country with highly "authoritarian" social and political structures can establish a stable democracy and sustain it for more than seventy years. The historical and survey data included in this analysis offer evidence of how authoritarianism and personalism are integral elements in sustaining Irish democracy. The findings bring into question dominant explanations for democratic stability and suggest how Eckstein's theory of congruence provides new insights into the puzzle of Irish democracy

The Institutionalization of Sex Equality for Europe: Women Activists and the European Court

In the last forty years, we have witnessed the evolution of an unprecedented form of supranational governance in western Europe. The European Court of Justice (ECJ) has played a powerful integrative force in this transformation. This chapter examines how the ECJ has operated to expand the integration project and has done so by serving as a forum for political action by national and transnational social movements. This analysis studies this integrative dynamic through the evolution of sex equality policy in the European Union (EU). The purpose of this chapter is two fold. First, I will examine the Court's expansive development of this EU policy sector through its case law. In particular, I will evaluate whether the policy preferences of national governments have significantly impacted the Court's judicial decisions. Second, I will examine the relationship between the Court and private litigants and women's groups and how this leads to the construction of EU policy through litigation. Specifically, I am interested in tracing the dynamic which has led to the institutionalization of sex equality norms at the European level. The larger purpose of the analysis is to offer systematic evidence of how activists (both national and transnational) are utilizing European space (as provided by EU institutions) and are doing so to bring about significant national policy changes. Furthermore, this project provides empirical evidence of how EU institutions engage in a mutually empowering relationship with activists. This dynamic interaction leads not only to the expansion of EU competence, but also illustrates how both EU institutions and rules have been used in unintended ways

"Litigation, compliance and European integration: The preliminary ruling procedure and EU nature conservation policy"

This paper examines how the European Court of Justice has expanded EU environmental laws and has done so by serving as a forum for national environmental activists pressuring for Member State compliance. In particular, I study this integrative dynamic through the evolution of nature protection policy in the European Union. The purpose of this analysis is to reveal how the Court's rulings function to secure Member State compliance and at the same time can lead to the construction of supranational norms, often in opposition to national government policy positions. The findings suggest that litigation dynamic can have the effect of fueling the integration process by expanding EU competence. The case law analysis in this study pertains to the preliminary ruling procedure, Article 234 (ex 177). By studying this process, I am able to reveal not only the interaction between the Court and Member State governments in securing compliance with European environmental laws, but also the integral role that both national judges and private litigants (individuals and environmental associations) can play in deepening integration. This study focuses specifically on the environment policy sector, yet provides a general framework for examining the case law in subsequent policy areas, with the purpose of providing a more nuanced understanding of European integration