Neutrino Nucleus Reactions based on New Shell Model Hamiltonians

A new shell model Hamiltonian for p-shell nuclei which properly takes into account important roles of spin-isospin interactions is used to obtain cross sections of neutrino-^12C reactions induced by decay-at-rest (DAR) neutrinos as well as supernona neutrinos. Branching ratios to various decay channels are calculated by the Hauser-Feshbach theory. Neutrino-^4He reactions are also investigated by using recent shell model Hamiltonians. The reaction cross sections are found to be enhanced for both ^12C and ^4He compared with previous calculations. As an interesting consequence of this, a possible enhancement of the production yields of light elements, ^7Li and ^11B, during supernova explosions is pointed out.Comment: 11 pages, 14 eps-figures, to be published in Physical Review C (in press

Neutrino-Nucleus Reaction Cross Sections for Light Element Systhesis in Supernova Explosions

The neutrino-nucleus reaction cross sections of 4He and 12C are evaluated using new shell model Hamiltoni-ans. Branching ratios of various decay channels are calculated to evaluate the yields of Li, Be, and B producedthrough the ν -process in supernova explosions. The new cross sections enhance the yields of7Li and11B pro-duced during the supernova explosion of a 16.2 M⊙star model compared to the case using the conventionalcross sections by about 10%. On the other hand, the yield of10B decreases by a factor of two. The yieldsof6Li,9Be, and the radioactive nucleus10 Be are found at a level of ∼ 10−11M⊙. The temperature of νµ,τ-and ¯νµ,τ-neutrinos inferred from the supernova contribution of11B in Galactic chemical evolution models isconstrained to the 4.3 − 6.5 MeV range. The increase in the7Li and11B yields due to neutrino oscillations isdemonstrated with the new cross section

A novel type of binding specificity to phospholipids for rat mannose-binding proteins isolated from serum and liver

AbstractMannose-binding protein (MBP) belongs to the collectin subgroup of C-type lectins with specificity for mannose and N-acetylglucosamine sugars. We investigated whether rat MBPs isolated from serum (S-MBP) and liver (L-MBP) interact with phospholipids using antibody against each MBP. Both S- and L-MBPs bound to phosphatidylinositol coated onto microtiter wells in a concentration- and a Ca2+-dependent manner. L-MBP also bound to phosphatidylglycerol and weakly to phosphatidylserine. MBPs interacted with liposomes composed of these lipids. S- and L-MBPs bound to phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate. L-MBP also bound to cardiolipin. These results provide evidence for a novel type of ligand binding specificity for MBPs, and raise the possibility that phospholipids are ligands for collectins

Neutrino-Nucleus Reaction Cross Sections for Light Element Synthesis in Supernova Explosions

The neutrino-nucleus reaction cross sections of 4He and 12C are evaluated using new shell model Hamiltonians. Branching ratios of various decay channels are calculated to evaluate the yields of Li, Be, and B produced through the nu-process in supernova explosions. The new cross sections enhance the yields of 7Li and 11B produced during the supernova explosion of a 16.2 M_odot star model compared to the case using the conventional cross sections by about 10%. On the other hand, the yield of 10B decreases by a factor of two. The yields of 6Li, 9Be, and the radioactive nucleus 10Be are found at a level of 10^{-11} M_odot. The temperature of nu_{mu,tau}- and bar{nu}_{mu,tau}-neutrinos inferred from the supernova contribution of 11B in Galactic chemical evolution models is constrained to the 4.3-6.5 MeV range. The increase in the 7Li and 11B yields due to neutrino oscillations is demonstrated with the new cross sections.Comment: 19 pages, 30 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal. Typos are correcte

Measurement of trihydroxy-linoleic acids in stratum corneum by tape-stripping: Possible biomarker of barrier function in atopic dermatitis

Epidermal ceramides are indispensable lipids that maintain the functions of the stratum corneum. Esterified omega-hydroxyacyl-sphingosine (EOS) ceramide with a linoleate moiety is one of the most important ceramide species for forming cornified lipid envelopes. This linoleate moiety is eventually metabolized to trihydroxy-linoleic acid (triol, 9,10,13-trihydroxy-11-Eoctadecenoic acid). Thus, we assumed that a decrease of triols might reflect skin barrier dysfunction. Against this background, the purposes of this study were to measure the triols by a simple tape-stripping method and to determine the correlation between the amount of triols and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) as an indicator of barrier dysfunction in atopic dermatitis patients. Twenty Japanese subjects with normal skin and 20 atopic dermatitis patients were enrolled in this study. TEWL was measured and triols of the stratum corneum were analyzed by tape-stripping. The results showed for the first time that triols in the stratum corneum could be simply measured using the tape-stripping method. The triol levels in atopic dermatitis patients were much higher than those in healthy subjects. Moreover, the triol levels correlated with TEWL of non-lesional forearm skin in patients with atopic dermatitis. The results suggest that the assaying of triol levels via non-invasive tape-stripping could be beneficial for monitoring barrier function in atopic dermatitis