300 research outputs found
T Cell Immunological Signatures of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Hen\u27s Egg Allergic Children
Hubble Parameter in Void Universe
We investigate the distance-redshift relation in the simple void model. As
discussed by Moffat and Tatarski, if the observer stays at the center of the
void, the observed Hubble parameter is not so different from the background
Hubble parameter. However, if the position of observer is off center of the
void, we must consider the peculiar velocity correction which is measured by
the observed dipole anisotropy of cosmic microwave background. This peculiar
velocity correction for the redshift is crucial to determine the Hubble
parameter and we shall discuss this effect. Further the results of Turner et al
by the N-body simulation will be also considered.Comment: 5 pages, uuencode compressed latex with 2 EPS figures
TNF-α is essential in the induction of fatal autoimmune hepatitis in mice through upregulation of hepatic CCL20 expression.
It is unclear what roles TNF-α has in the development of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and whether AIH is responsive to anti-TNF-α. We recently developed a mouse model of fatal AIH that develops in PD-1-deficient mice thymectomized three days after birth, finding that CCR6-CCL20 axis-dependent migration of dysregulated splenic T cells is crucial to induce AIH. In this study, we show the indispensable role of TNF-α in the development of AIH. Administering anti-TNF-α prevented the induction, but treatment by anti-TNF-α after the induction did not suppress progression. Administering anti-TNF-α did not prevent splenic T-cell activation, but did suppress hepatic CCL20 expression. In contrast, administering anti-CCL20 suppressed AIH but not elevated serum TNF-α levels. TNF-α stimulation enhanced CCL20 expression in hepatocytes. These findings suggest that TNF-α is essential in the induction of AIH through upregulation of hepatic CCL20 expression, which allows migration of dysregulated splenic T cells
Long-acting genipin derivative protects retinal ganglion cells from oxidative stress models in vitro and in vivo through the Nrf2/antioxidant response element signaling pathway
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系金沢大学理工研究域電子情報学系Previously, we reported that genipin, a herbal iridoid, had neuritogenic and neuroprotective actions on PC12 cells. Although nitric oxide (NO)-activated signalings were proposed to be neuritogenic, the neuroprotective action of genipin remains to be elucidated. From the standpoint of NO activation, we tested a possible protective mechanism through the nitrosative Kelch-like ECH-associated protein (Keap1)/NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element pathway in rat retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5 cells) in culture, and in vivo, against hydrogen peroxide and optic nerve injury (ONI), respectively, using a long-acting (1R)-isoPropyloxygenipin (IPRG001). IPRG001 induced NO generation and the expressions of antioxidative enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), in RGC-5 cells. The protective action of IPRG001 depended on HO-1 and NO induction. We found that S-nitrosylation of Keap1 by IPRG001 may contribute to translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus and triggered transcriptional activation of antioxidative enzymes. Furthermore, apoptotic cells were increased and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal was accumulated in rat retina following ONI. Pre-treatment with IPRG001 almost completely suppressed apoptosis and accumulation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in RGCs following ONI accompanied by HO-1 induction. These data demonstrate for the first time that IPRG001 exerts neuroprotective action in RGCs in vitro and in vivo, through the Nrf2/antioxidant response element pathway by S-nitrosylation against oxidative stress. © 2010 International Society for Neurochemistry
Association between optic nerve blood flow and objective examinations in glaucoma patients with generalized enlargement disc type
SR-PSOX/CXCL16 plays a critical role in the progression of colonic inflammation.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is initiated and perpetuated by a dysregulated immune response to unknown environmental antigens such as luminal bacteria in genetically susceptible hosts. SR-PSOX/CXCL16, a scavenger receptor that binds phosphatidylserine and oxidised lipoprotein, has both phagocytic activity and chemotactic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of SR-PSOX/CXCL16 in patients with IBD and experimental murine colitis
Requirement of Retinoic Acid Receptor β for Genipin Derivative-Induced Optic Nerve Regeneration in Adult Rat Retina
Like other CNS neurons, mature retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are unable to regenerate their axons after nerve injury due to a diminished intrinsic regenerative capacity. One of the reasons why they lose the capacity for axon regeneration seems to be associated with a dramatic shift in RGCs\u27 program of gene expression by epigenetic modulation. We recently reported that (1R)-isoPropyloxygenipin (IPRG001), a genipin derivative, has both neuroprotective and neurite outgrowth activities in murine RGC-5 retinal precursor cells. These effects were both mediated by nitric oxide (NO)/S-nitrosylation signaling. Neuritogenic activity was mediated by S-nitrosylation of histone deacetylase-2 (HDAC2), which subsequently induced retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ) expression via chromatin remodeling in vitro. RARβ plays important roles of neural growth and differentiation in development. However, the role of RARβ expression during adult rat optic nerve regeneration is not clear. In the present study, we extended this hypothesis to examine optic nerve regeneration by IPRG001 in adult rat RGCs in vivo. We found a correlation between RARβ expression and neurite outgrowth with age in the developing rat retina. Moreover, we found that IPRG001 significantly induced RARβ expression in adult rat RGCs through the S-nitrosylation of HDAC2 processing mechanism. Concomitant with RARβ expression, adult rat RGCs displayed a regenerative capacity for optic axons in vivo by IPRG001 treatment. These neuritogenic effects of IPRG001 were specifically suppressed by siRNA for RARβ. Thus, the dual neuroprotective and neuritogenic actions of genipin via S-nitrosylation might offer a powerful therapeutic tool for the treatment of RGC degenerative disorders. © 2013 Koriyama et al
Magnetization and transport properties in the superconducting PrBaCuO with metallic double-chain
We have reported the effect of pressure on the magnetization, and transport
properties in the nominal composition PrBaCuO
synthesized by a sol-gel technique. A reduction treatment of the as-sintered
sample in vacuum causes higher superconductivity achieving K
for . Application of hydrostatic pressure on the oxygen depleted
sample enhances its onset temperature up to 36 K at 1.2 GPa, indicating the
nearly optimum doping level of the charge carrier in comparison to the pressure
dependence of lower samples with . Seebeck coefficient of
the superconducting sample shows a metallic conduction, followed by a clear
drop below and is in its temperature dependence below 100 K quite
different from that of the non-superconducting one. This finding strongly
suggests a dramatic change of the electronic state along the CuO double chain
due to the reduction treatment for the appearance of superconductivity .Comment: 5 pages,4 figure
- …