Block Matching Algorithms for the Estimation of Motion in Image Sequences: Analysis

Several video coding standards and techniques have been introduced for multimedia applications, particularly the h.26x series for video processing. These standards employ motion estimation processing to reduce the amount of data that is required to store or transmit the video. The motion estimation process is an inextricable part of the video coding as it removes the temporal redundancy between successive frames of video sequences. This paper is about these motion estimation algorithms, their search procedures, complexity, advantages, and limitations. A survey of motion estimation algorithms including full search, many fast, and fast full search block-based algorithms has been presented. An evaluation of up-to-date motion estimation algorithms, based on several empirical results on several test video sequences, is presented as well

Smart water distribution system based on IoT networks, a critical review

The purpose of this paper is to discuss different existing technologies related to sensing in smart cities. The continuous growth of urban areas is a reality that should be faced by innovating more solutions that are efficient. Smart cities are one of the remarkable solutions, it can be seen as different intelligent systems or platforms that work together to ensure better sustainability. Sensors are at the core of smart cities. They collect data from different environments or infrastructures in order to send them to the cloud using different communications platforms. These data can be used to better manage the infrastructures or provide smarter services. However, they are various issues and challenges related to the ubiquitous sensors that should be solved. In the last section of this paper, a case study of smart water distribution system is presented with an overview of the related issues and challenges such as reliability, cost, and scalability. Also, a table is provided in this section to compare the results and challenges of the last five studies on producing smart pipes with the most common challenges

Performance of reconfigurable antenna fabricated on flexible and non-flexible materials for band switching applications

In this article, a novel frequency slot-based switchable antenna fabricated on flexible and nonflexible materials is presented for suitable reconfigurable radiations of Bluetooth, WiMAX, and upper WLAN applications. Initially, the performance of this structure was simulated using a CSTTM simulator and evaluated experimentally using a nonflexible FR4 structure. The same antenna was implemented on a flexible (jean) substrate with a relative permittivity of 1.7. The proposed textile antenna prototypes were fabricated by optimal dimensions of an E-shaped slot with a variation on the shape of the ground layer, integrated using a crossed T-shaped strip with ON/OFF switchable state operations. The proposed antenna prototype is compact (20 × 20 mm2), providing switchable radiations with tri bands, has frequencies ranged at 2.36–2.5 GHz for Bluetooth, 3.51–3.79 GHz and 5.47–5.98 GHz for the distinct bands of WiMAX and WLAN, respectively, as well as part of UWB operations

Technological Advancements and Elucidation Gadgets for Healthcare Applications: An Exhaustive Methodological Review-Part-II (Robotics, Drones, 3D-Printing, Internet of Things, Virtual/Augmented and Mixed Reality)

The substantial applicability of technological advancements to the healthcare sector and its allied segments are on the verge of questioning the abilities of hospitals, medical institutions, doctors and clinical pathologists in delivering world class healthcare facilities to the global patient community. Investigative works pertinent to the role played of technological advancements in the healthcare sector motivated this work to be undertaken. Part-I of the review addressed the applicable role play of advanced technologies such as Artificial intelligence, Big-data, Block chain, Open-Source and Cloud Computing Technologies, etc., to the healthcare sector and its allied segments. The current Part-II manuscript is critically focused upon reviewing the sustainable role of additional disrupting technologies such as Robotics, Drones, 3D-Printing, IoT, Virtual/Augmented/Mixed Reality, etc., to uncover the vast number of implicit problems encountered by the clinical community. Investigations governing the deployment of these technologies in various allied healthcare segments are highlighted in this manuscript. Subsequently, the unspoken challenges and remedial future directions are discussed thereof

Technological Advancements and Elucidation Gadgets for Healthcare Applications: An Exhaustive Methodological Review-Part-I (AI, Big Data, Block Chain, Open-Source Technologies, and Cloud Computing)

In the realm of the emergence and spread of infectious diseases with pandemic potential throughout the history, plenty of pandemics (and epidemics), from the plague to AIDS (1981) and SARS (in 2003) to the bunch of COVID variants, have tormented mankind. Though plenty of technological innovations are overwhelmingly progressing to curb them—a significant number of such pandemics astounded the world, impacting billions of lives and posing uncovered challenges to healthcare organizations and clinical pathologists globally. In view of addressing these limitations, a critically exhaustive review is performed to signify the prospective role of technological advancements and highlight the implicit problems associated with rendering best quality lifesaving treatments to the patient community. The proposed review work is conducted in two parts. Part 1 is essentially focused upon discussion of advanced technologies akin to artificial intelligence, Big Data, block chain technology, open-source technology, cloud computing, etc. Research works governing applicability of these technologies in solving many uncovered healthcare issues prominently faced by doctors and surgeons in the fields of cardiology, medicine, neurology, orthopaedics, paediatrics, gynaecology, psychiatry, plastic surgery, etc., as well as their role in curtailing the spread of numerous infectious, pathological, neurotic maladies is thrown light off. Boundary conditions and implicitly associated challenges substantiated by remedies coupled with future directions are presented at the end