Acceptability of an open-label wait-listed trial design: Experiences from the PROUD PrEP study

Background PROUD participants were randomly assigned to receive pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) immediately or after a deferred period of one-year. We report on the acceptability of this open-label wait-listed trial design. Methods Participants completed an acceptability questionnaire, which included categorical study acceptability data and free-text data on most and least liked aspects of the study. We also conducted in-depth interviews (IDI) with a purposely selected sub-sample of participants. Results Acceptability questionnaires were completed by 76% (415/544) of participants. After controlling for age, immediate-group participants were almost twice as likely as deferred-group participants to complete the questionnaire (AOR:1.86;95%CI:1.24,2.81). In quantitative data, the majority of participants in both groups found the wait-listed design acceptable when measured by satisfaction of joining the study, intention to remain in the study, and interest in joining a subsequent study. However, three-quarters thought that the chance of being in the deferred-group might put other volunteers off joining the study. In free-text responses, data collection tools were the most frequently reported least liked aspect of the study. A fifth of deferred participants reported ‘being deferred’ as the thing they least liked about the study. However, more deferred participants disliked the data collection tools than the fact that they had to wait a year to access PrEP. Participants in the IDIs had a good understanding of the rationale for the open-label wait-listed study design. Most accepted the design but acknowledged they were, or would have been, disappointed to be randomised to the deferred group. Five of the 25 participants interviewed reported some objection to the wait-listed design. Conclusion The quantitative and qualitative findings suggest that in an environment where PrEP was not available, the rationale for the wait-listed trial design was well understood and generally acceptable to most participants in this study

Aberrant epigenetic changes and gene expression in cloned cattle dying around birth

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Aberrant reprogramming of donor somatic cell nuclei may result in many severe problems in animal cloning. To assess the extent of abnormal epigenetic modifications and gene expression in clones, we simultaneously examined DNA methylation, histone H4 acetylation and expression of six genes (<it>β-actin</it>, <it>VEGF</it>, <it>oct4</it>, <it>TERT</it>, <it>H19 </it>and <it>Igf2</it>) and a repetitive sequence (<it>art2</it>) in five organs (heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney) from two cloned cattle groups that had died at different stages. In the ED group (early death, n = 3), the cloned cattle died in the perinatal period. The cattle in the LD group (late death, n = 3) died after the perinatal period. Normally reproduced cattle served as a control group (n = 3).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Aberrant DNA methylation, histone H4 acetylation and gene expression were observed in both cloned groups. The ED group showed relatively fewer severe DNA methylation abnormalities (p < 0.05) but more abnormal histone H4 acetylations (p < 0.05) and more abnormal expression (p < 0.05) of the selected genes compared to the LD group. However, our data also suggest no widespread gene expression abnormalities in the organs of the dead clones.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Deaths of clones may be ascribed to abnormal expression of a very limited number of genes.</p

Recherches écologiques sur les relations entre le climat, les sols et les Plantes irriguées dans les Oasis Sahariennes (à suivre)

Killian Ch., Repp G. Recherches écologiques sur les relations entre le climat, les sols et les Plantes irriguées dans les Oasis Sahariennes (à suivre). In: Journal d'agriculture tropicale et de botanique appliquée, vol. 3, n°3-4, Mars-avril 1956. pp. 109-141

Recherches écologiques sur les relations entre le climat, les sols et les plantes irriguées des Oasis Sahariennes (suite et fin)

Killian Ch., Repp G. Recherches écologiques sur les relations entre le climat, les sols et les plantes irriguées des Oasis Sahariennes (suite et fin). In: Journal d'agriculture tropicale et de botanique appliquée, vol. 3, n°5-6, Mai-juin 1956. pp. 292-319

Kualitas dan nilai ekonomis nugget pada berbagai proporsi penggantian daging ayam dengan tahu: The quality and economic value of nugget at various substitution proportion chicken meat by tofu

The&nbsp; aim&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; research&nbsp; was&nbsp; observing&nbsp; the&nbsp; effect&nbsp; of&nbsp; substituting&nbsp; chicken&nbsp; meat&nbsp; as&nbsp; main&nbsp; material in nugget production with tofu on nugget quality and its production cost. The&nbsp; research&nbsp; was&nbsp; design in&nbsp; Complete&nbsp; Random&nbsp; Design&nbsp; with&nbsp; four&nbsp; compositions&nbsp; of&nbsp; c hicken&nbsp; meat&nbsp; and&nbsp; tofu&nbsp; as nugget&nbsp; production&nbsp; material,&nbsp; i.e.,&nbsp; A=100%&nbsp; chicken&nbsp; meat;&nbsp; B=&nbsp; 85%&nbsp; chicken&nbsp; meat&nbsp; and&nbsp; 15%&nbsp; tofu;&nbsp; C=70% chicken meat and 30% tofu; D = 55% chicken meat and 45% tofu. Nugget quality tested&nbsp; based on its water content and cooking loose. The eco nomical value of substituting chicken meat&nbsp; with&nbsp; tofu&nbsp; tested&nbsp; based&nbsp; on&nbsp; its&nbsp; production&nbsp; cost&nbsp; reduction&nbsp; and&nbsp; Break&nbsp; Event&nbsp; Point&nbsp; at&nbsp; each&nbsp; material&nbsp; composition. The&nbsp; result&nbsp; showed that substituting chicken&nbsp; meat&nbsp; with tofu&nbsp; was very&nbsp; significantly&nbsp; affected&nbsp; the&nbsp; nugget&nbsp; wat er&nbsp; content&nbsp; (P&lt;0.01),&nbsp; and&nbsp; was&nbsp; significantly&nbsp; affected&nbsp; its&nbsp; cooking&nbsp; loose&nbsp; (P&lt;0.05).&nbsp; Moreover,&nbsp; the&nbsp; production&nbsp; cost&nbsp; and&nbsp; break&nbsp; event&nbsp; point&nbsp; was lower&nbsp; with&nbsp; the&nbsp; higher&nbsp; proportion of tofu in material. However, the optimum quality and production cost of the nugget&nbsp; was at 85% chicken meat and 15% tofu

Ultrastructural localization of proteins involved in sea urchin biomineralization

IF:2,283info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Proteins and saccharides of the sea urchin organic matrix of mineralization: Characterization and localization in the spine skeleton

IF: 4,194info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe