5,367 research outputs found
High efficiency In Vivo genome engineering with a simplified 15-RVD GoldyTALEN design
published_or_final_versio
Rearrangement of the Fermi Surface of Dense Neutron Matter and Direct Urca Cooling of Neutron Stars
It is proposed that a rearrangement of single-particle degrees of freedom may
occur in a portion of the quantum fluid interior of a neutron star. Such a
rearrangement is associated with the pronounced softening of the spin-isospin
collective mode which, under increasing density, leads to pion condensation.
Arguments and estimates based on fundamental relations of many-body theory show
that one realization of this phenomenon could produce very rapid cooling of the
star via a direct nucelon Urca process displaying a dependence on
temperature.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure
Sputter-engineering a first-order magnetic phase transition in sub-15-nm-thick single-crystal FeRh films
Equiatomic FeRh alloys undergo a fascinating first-order metamagnetic phase transition (FOMPT) just above room temperature, which has attracted reinvigorated interest for applications in spintronics. Until now, all attempts to grow nanothin FeRh alloy films have consistently shown that FeRh layers tend to grow in the Volmer-Weber growth mode. Here we show that sputter-grown sub-15-nm-thick FeRh alloy films deposited at low sputter-gas pressure, typically âŒ0.1 Pa, onto (001)-oriented MgO substrates, grow in a peening-induced Frank-van der Merwe growth mode for FeRh film thicknesses above 5 nm, circumventing this major drawback. The bombardment of high-energy sputtered atoms, the atom-peening effect, induces a rebalancing between adsorbate-surface and adsorbate-adsorbate interactions, leading to the formation of a smooth continuous nanothin FeRh film. Chemical order in the films increases with the FeRh thickness, tFeRh, and varies monotonically from 0.75 up to 0.9. Specular x-ray diffraction scans around Bragg peaks show Pendellösung fringes for films with tFeRhâ„5.2 nm, which reflects in smooth well-ordered densified single-crystal FeRh layers. The nanothin film's roughness varies from 0.6 down to about 0.1 nm as tFeRh increases, and scales linearly with the integral breadth of the rocking curve, proving its microstructured origin. Magnetometry shows that the FOMPT in the nanothin films is qualitatively similar to that of the bulk alloy, except for the thinnest film of 3.7 nm
Bounds on Dark Matter from the ``Atmospheric Neutrino Anomaly''
Bounds are derived on the cross section, flux and energy density of new
particles that may be responsible for the atmospheric neutrino anomaly. Decay of primordial
homogeneous dark matter can be excluded.Comment: 10 pages, TeX (revtex
Waiting times between orders and trades in double-auction markets
In this paper, the survival function of waiting times between orders and the
corresponding trades in a double-auction market is studied both by means of
experiments and of empirical data. It turns out that, already at the level of
order durations, the survival function cannot be represented by a single
exponential, thus ruling out the hypothesis of constant activity during
trading. This fact has direct consequences for market microstructural models.
They must include such a non-exponential behaviour to be realistic.Comment: 19 pages, 3 figures, paper presented at the WEHIA 2005, Colchester,
U
S-COL: A Copernican turn for the development of flexibly reusable collaboration scripts
Collaboration scripts are usually implemented as parts of a particular collaborative-learning platform. Therefore, scripts of demonstrated effectiveness are hardly used with learning platforms at other sites, and replication studies are rare. The approach of a platform-independent description language for scripts that allows for easy implementation of the same script on different platforms has not succeeded yet in making the transfer of scripts feasible. We present an alternative solution that treats the problem as a special case of providing support on top of diverse Web pages: In this case, the challenge is to trigger support based on the recognition of a Web page as belonging to a specific type of functionally equivalent pages such as the search query form or the results page of a search engine. The solution suggested has been implemented by means of a tool called S-COL (Scripting for Collaborative Online Learning) and allows for the sustainable development of scripts and scaffolds that can be used with a broad variety of content and platforms. The toolâs functions are described. In order to demonstrate the feasibility and ease of script reuse with S-COL, we describe the flexible re-implementation of a collaboration script for argumentation in S-COL and its adaptation to different learning platforms. To demonstrate that a collaboration script implemented in S-COL can actually foster learning, an empirical study about the effects of a specific script for collaborative online search on learning activities is presented. The further potentials and the limitations of the S-COL approach are discussed
Tissue mimicking materials for imaging and therapy phantoms: a review
Tissue mimicking materials (TMMs), typically contained within phantoms, have been used for many decades in both imaging and therapeutic applications. This review investigates the specifications that are typically being used in development of the latest TMMs. The imaging modalities that have been investigated focus around CT, mammography, SPECT, PET, MRI and ultrasound. Therapeutic applications discussed within the review include radiotherapy, thermal therapy and surgical applications. A number of modalities were not reviewed including optical spectroscopy, optical imaging and planar x-rays. The emergence of image guided interventions and multimodality imaging have placed an increasing demand on the number of specifications on the latest TMMs. Material specification standards are available in some imaging areas such as ultrasound. It is recommended that this should be replicated for other imaging and therapeutic modalities. Materials used within phantoms have been reviewed for a series of imaging and therapeutic applications with the potential to become a testbed for cross-fertilization of materials across modalities. Deformation, texture, multimodality imaging and perfusion are common themes that are currently under development
Jastrow-type calculations of one-nucleon removal reactions on open - shell nuclei
Single-particle overlap functions and spectroscopic factors are calculated on
the basis of Jastrow-type one-body density matrices of open-shell nuclei
constructed by using a factor cluster expansion. The calculations use the
relationship between the overlap functions corresponding to bound states of the
-particle system and the one-body density matrix for the ground state of
the -particle system. In this work we extend our previous analyses of
reactions on closed-shell nuclei by using the resulting overlap functions for
the description of the cross sections of reactions on the open -
shell nuclei Mg, Si and S and of S
reaction. The relative role of both shell structure and short-range
correlations incorporated in the correlation approach on the spectroscopic
factors and the reaction cross sections is pointed out.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.
The Emerging Aversion to Inequality: Evidence from Poland 1992-2005
This paper provides an illustration of the changing tolerance for inequality in a context of radical political and economic transformation and rapid economic growth. We focus on the Polish experience of transition and explore self-declared attitudes of the citizens. Using monthly representative surveys of the population, realized by the Polish poll institute (CBOS) from 1992 to 2005, we identify a structural break in the relation between income inequality and subjective evaluation of well-being. The downturn in the tolerance for inequality (1997) coincides with the increasing distrust of political elites.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64387/1/wp919.pd
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