The Impact of Sovereign Credit Risk on Bank Funding Conditions

Report Submitted by a Study Group established by the Committee on the Global Financial System. This Study Group was chaired by Fabio Panetta of the Bank of Italy

Operationalising the Selection and Application of Macroprudential Instruments

Report Submitted by a Working Group established by the Committee on the Global Financial System providing guidance for policymakers regarding different policy tools

Empirical Determinants of Derivative Markets in Asia, Latin America and Sub Saharan Africa

The paper examined the relationship between the derivative markets and financial markets depth, efficiency, stability and access in Asia, Latin America and Sub-Sahara Africa.  A panel logit model was applied from the period 2009 to 2017 on the financial market development data collected for countries in Asia, Latin America and Sub-Sahara Africa. The results of the panel logistic regression model positively revealed that derivative markets are influenced positively by the improvement to financial access (measured by stock market capitalization to GDP) and financial efficiency (measured by net interest margin) of the financial markets of the regions studied. However, an examination of financial depth and financial stability were observed to have an adverse propensity for the derivative market development. Therefore, countries in Asia, Latin America and Sub-Sahara Africa are recommended to significantly focus on improving financial efficiency and financial access within their respective financial markets. Further a document review was carried on the publications of the Committee of Global Financial System (CGFS) and Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems (CPSS) of the Bank for International Settlement (BIS). It is recommended that policy makers must promote greater respect for market autonomy, strengthen legal and judicial systems, boost regulatory independence and effectiveness, deepen the domestic investor base, pursue bi-directional international participation while preparing for spill overs and develop robust financial market infrastructure to facilitate the establishment of vibrant derivative markets. Keywords:Bank for International Settlements (BIS), Derivative markets, financial access, financial depth, financial efficiency, financial stability and panel logit model. DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/13-18-03 Publication date:September 30th 202

US Banks’ International Balance Sheet Linkages: A Data Survey

International financial linkages are mostly established through banks’ foreign operations. Typically, the larger the balance sheet exposure a bank has to a counterparty country, the more will be both its risk exposure and sensibility to shocks to this latter. The latest crisis has revealed the importance of filling the existing data gaps which hinder a full understanding of the geographical composition of banks’ balance sheet on a global basis. To this extent, the Committee on the Global Financial System (CGFS) has recently endorsed significant enhancements to the International Banking Statistics (IBS) collected by the Bank of International Settlements (BIS). This paper, by focusing on US banks, reviews existing data on bilateral foreign positions on both an consolidated and unconsolidated basis. The investigation stresses the extent to which the new enhancements are going to enable to a better understanding of the global banking system and discusses other data limitations and gaps which should be addressed. In particular, policy recommendations point to enhanced foreign offices-related statistics

US Banks’ International Balance Sheet Linkages: A Data Survey

International financial linkages are mostly established through banks’ foreign operations. Typically, the larger the balance sheet exposure a bank has to a counterparty country, the more will be both its risk exposure and sensibility to shocks to this latter. The latest crisis has revealed the importance of filling the existing data gaps which hinder a full understanding of the geographical composition of banks’ balance sheet on a global basis. To this extent, the Committee on the Global Financial System (CGFS) has recently endorsed significant enhancements to the International Banking Statistics (IBS) collected by the Bank of International Settlements (BIS). This paper, by focusing on US banks, reviews existing data on bilateral foreign positions on both an consolidated and unconsolidated basis. The investigation stresses the extent to which the new enhancements are going to enable to a better understanding of the global banking system and discusses other data limitations and gaps which should be addressed. In particular, policy recommendations point to enhanced foreign offices-related statistics

Warding Off Financial Market Failure: How to Avoid Squeezed Margins and Bad Haircuts

Regulators aiming to ward off the next financial market failure need to implement rules to smooth the boom-bust cycle in margin requirements and haircuts used in securities financing and derivative transactions, which seriously exacerbated the last financial crisis. In this study, the author argues that key elements in a system-wide regulatory framework should include rules to mitigate swings between loose terms for margins and haircuts in boom times, and tightened terms during busts. Longworth emphasizes “through-the-cycle” haircuts and initial margins, the potential use of add-ons to haircuts and margins by macroprudential authorities, and market practices that are less procyclical than they were before and during the crisis.Financial Services, global financial crisis, regulatory framework, capital and leverage requirements, liquidity requirements, rules on margins and haircuts, financial insturments, collateral, loan-to-value ratios

CCPs and network stability in OTC derivatives markets

Among the reforms to OTC derivative markets since the global financial crisis is a commitment to collateralize counterparty exposures and to clear standardized contracts via central counterparties (CCPs). The reforms aim to reduce interconnectedness and improve counterparty risk management in these important markets. At the same time, however, the reforms necessarily concentrate risk in one or a few nodes in the financial network and also increase institutions’ demand for high-quality assets to meet collateral requirements. This paper looks more closely at the implications of increased CCP clearing for both the topology and stability of the financial network. Building on Heath et al. (2013) and Markose (2012), the analysis supports the view that the concentration of risk in CCPs could generate instability if not appropriately managed. Nevertheless, maintaining CCP prefunded financial resources in accordance with international standards and dispersing any unfunded losses widely through the system can limit the potential for a CCP to transmit stress even in very extreme market conditions. The analysis uses the Bank for International Settlements Macroeconomic Assessment Group on Derivatives (MAGD) data set on the derivatives positions of the 41 largest bank participants in global OTC derivative markets in 2012