Assessment of broiler chicken welfare in Southern Brazil

Scientific literature on broiler chicken welfare in Brazilian industrial systems is scarce. This study aimed at assessing broiler chicken welfare on industrial farms in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, using the Welfare Quality (R) assessment protocol for poultry, to provide directly applicable scientific information. Results are presented as criteria scores ranging from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better welfare; and percentages of prevalence. The scores classified as excellent (above 80) were absence of prolonged thirst, absence of prolonged hunger, litter quality, breast blister and touch test. Enhanced scores (between 55 and 80) were comfort around resting, plumage cleanliness and dust sheet test. Acceptable scores (between 20 and 55) were thermal comfort, stocking density, absence of injuries, footpad dermatitis and hock burn; and unacceptable scores (below 20) were lameness and qualitative behavioral assessment. The median percentage of mortality and culled birds were 5.2% and 0.6%, respectively. This study provides useful information to select priorities of action on assessed farms and may contribute for setting up legal standards and guiding decisions related to animal welfare issues in Brazil

Revealing the clinical phenotype of atypical neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 disease: Insights from the largest cohort in the world

Aim: Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2) disease is an autosomal recessive inherited neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficient tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1) enzyme, leading to progressive deterioration of neurological functions commonly occurring in children aged 2–4 years and culminating in early death. Atypical cases associated with earlier or later symptom onset, or even protracted course, have already been reported. Such variable manifestations may constitute an additional challenge to early diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment. The present work aimed to analyse clinical data from a cohort of Latin American CLN2 patients with atypical phenotypes. Methods: Experts in inborn errors of metabolism from Latin America selected patients from their centres who were deemed by the clinicians to have atypical forms of CLN2, according to the current literature on this topic and their practical experience. Clinical and genetic data from the medical records were retrospectively revised. All cases were presented and analysed by these experts at an Advisory Board Meeting in S~ao Paulo, Brazil, in October 2018. Results: Seizures, language abnormalities and behavioural disorders were found as the first manifestations, appearing at the median age of 6 years, an older age than classically described for the late infantile form. Three novel mutations were also identified. Conclusion: Our findings reinforce the inclusion of CLN2 in the differential diagnosis of children presenting with seizures, behavioural disorders and language abnormalities. Early diagnosis will allow early initiation of specific therapy

Immunogenicity test of tetanus component in adsorbed vaccines by toxin binding inhibition test

Samples from 20 lots of diphtheria-tetanus (adult use dT) vaccine and from 20 lots of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine were used to standardize and validate the in vitro toxin binding inhibition (ToBI) test for the immunogenicity test of the tetanus component. The levels of tetanus antitoxin obtained by ToBI test were compared to those obtained using the toxin neutralization (TN) test in mice routinely employed to perform the quality control of the tetanus component in adsorbed vaccines. The results ranged from 1.8 to 3.5 IU/ml for dT and 2 to 4 IU/ml for DTP by ToBI test and 1.4 to 3 IU/ml for dT and 1.8 to 3.5 IU/ml for DTP by TN in mice. These results were significantly correlated. From this study, it is concluded that the ToBI test is an alternative to the in vivo neutralization procedure in the immunogenicity test of the tetanus component in adsorbed vaccines. A substantial refinement and a reduction in use of animals can be achieved

Substratos e intensidades de luz no cultivo de orquídea denfal Substrates and light intensity on cultivation of Denphal orchid

Foi avaliada a influência da luminosidade e de substratos alternativos ao xaxim, no desenvolvimento e floração de plantas de Dendrobium phalaenopsis var. schroederianum x Dendrobium bigibbum var. compactum. O experimento foi conduzido na UFGD-FCA, de outubro de 2007 a agosto de 2008. Foram utilizadas plantas com quatro anos oriundas de cultivo in vitro, aclimatizadas em viveiro com intensidade luminosa de 12.800, 8.300, 6.200, 5.300 e 4.500 lux, e plantadas em vasos plásticos contendo como substrato carvão, fibra de coco ou uma mistura de carvão + fibra de coco. Durante o período experimental foram avaliados a redução de massa fresca (%), o diâmetro de pseudobulbos (%), brotações (%), início da floração, plantas com flores (%), comprimento da haste floral, botões florais (nO), diâmetro das flores e duração do florescimento. As menores reduções da massa fresca e do diâmetro foram observados sob 12.800 lux. Para brotações os maiores valores foram observados em substrato carvão sob 12.800 lux, ou em substrato fibra de coco e carvão + fibra de coco sob 4.500 lux. Nas condições em que o trabalho foi conduzido recomenda-se que esta orquídea seja cultivada em carvão sob 12.800 lux, uma vez que o maior percentual de plantas com flores, número de botões por planta, diâmetro das flores e comprimento da haste floral produzidos foram observados nestas condições.<br>The influence of light and alternative substrates to fern tree fiber was evaluated on the development and flowering of Dendrobium phalaenopsis var. schroederianum x Dendrobium bigibbum var. compactum plants. The experiment was carried out from October 2007 to August 2008. Four-year old plants from in vitro cultivation, and acclimatized in nursery with light intensities of 12,800, 8,300, 6,200, 5,300 and 4,500 lux, were used. Plants were planted in plastic vases filled with charcoal, coconut fiber or a mix of charcoal + coconut fiber as substrate. During the experimental period, the reduction of fresh mass (%) and diameter of pseudobulbs, sprouting (%), beginning of flowering, plants with flowers (%), length of the flower stem, flower buds (nº), diameter of flowers and time of flowering were evaluated. The smallest reduction of fresh mass and of diameter were observed under 12,800 lux. For sprouting, the highest values were observed with charcoal substrate under 12,800 lux, or with coconut fiber substrate and charcoal + coconut fiber substrate under 4,500 lux. This orchid should be cultivated with charcoal under 12,800 lux, since the highest percentage of plants with flowers, number of buds per plant, diameter of flowers and length of the flower stem were produced under those conditions