The need for fast-track, high-quality and low-cost studies about the role of the BCG vaccine in the fight against COVID-19.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination is routine and near-universal in many low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). It has been suggested that BCG can have a protective effect on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. This commentary discusses the limitations of the evidence around BCG and COVID-19. We argue that higher-quality evidence is necessary to understand the protective effect of the BCG vaccine from existing, secondary data, while we await results from clinical trials currently conducted in different settings

Previous BCG vaccination is associated with less severe clinical progression of COVID-19

Background: BCG vaccination, originally used to prevent tuberculosis, is known to “train” the immune system to improve defence against viral respiratory infections. We investigated whether a previous BCG vaccination is associated with less severe clinical progression of COVID-19./ Methods: A case-control study comparing the proportion with a BCG vaccine scar (indicating previous vaccination) in cases and controls presenting with COVID-19 to health units in Brazil. Cases were subjects with severe COVID-19 (O2 saturation < 90%, severe respiratory effort, severe pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, sepsis, and septic shock). Controls had COVID-19 not meeting the definition of “severe” above. Unconditional regression was used to estimate vaccine protection against clinical progression to severe disease, with strict control for age, comorbidity, sex, educational level, race/colour, and municipality. Internal matching and conditional regression were used for sensitivity analysis./ Results: BCG was associated with high protection against COVID-19 clinical progression, over 87% (95% CI 74–93%) in subjects aged 60 or less and 35% (95% CI − 44–71%) in older subjects./ Conclusions: This protection may be relevant for public health in settings where COVID-19 vaccine coverage is still low and may have implications for research to identify vaccine candidates for COVID-19 that are broadly protective against mortality from future variants. Further research into the immunomodulatory effects of BCG may inform COVID-19 therapeutic research.

Aspectos clínicos e terapêuticos da COVID-19

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Previous BCG vaccination is associated with less severe clinical progression of COVID-19

BACKGROUND: BCG vaccination, originally used to prevent tuberculosis, is known to "train" the immune system to improve defence against viral respiratory infections. We investigated whether a previous BCG vaccination is associated with less severe clinical progression of COVID-19 METHODS: A case-control study comparing the proportion with a BCG vaccine scar (indicating previous vaccination) in cases and controls presenting with COVID-19 to health units in Brazil. Cases were subjects with severe COVID-19 (O2 saturation < 90%, severe respiratory effort, severe pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, sepsis, and septic shock). Controls had COVID-19 not meeting the definition of "severe" above. Unconditional regression was used to estimate vaccine protection against clinical progression to severe disease, with strict control for age, comorbidity, sex, educational level, race/colour, and municipality. Internal matching and conditional regression were used for sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: BCG was associated with high protection against COVID-19 clinical progression, over 87% (95% CI 74-93%) in subjects aged 60 or less and 35% (95% CI - 44-71%) in older subjects. CONCLUSIONS: This protection may be relevant for public health in settings where COVID-19 vaccine coverage is still low and may have implications for research to identify vaccine candidates for COVID-19 that are broadly protective against mortality from future variants. Further research into the immunomodulatory effects of BCG may inform COVID-19 therapeutic research

Arq Neuropsiquiatr

p.222-226Meningite tuberculosa se constitui em uma patologia endêmica há vários anos em várias cidades de países em desenvolvimento. Em Salvador foram estudados 62 pacientes com diagnóstico comprovado de meningoencefalite tuberculosa. A idade dos pacientes variou de 2 meses a 50 anos, 59,7% dos casos se encontravam na faixa etária inferior a 4 anos. O tempo de doença antes do diagnóstico variou de horas a 90 dias, com média de 13 dias. Os sinais e sintomas clínicos mais comuns foram febre (86,7%) e rigidez de nuca (81,8%). O exame de líquido cefalorraquidiano mostrou: em média celularidade de 406/mm3(4 a 1509), glucose de 37,3 mg/dL (20 a 70) e proteínas de 203 mg/dL (30 a 500); predominância de linfócitos foi observada na maioria dos casos, mas em 21,3% havia mais que 50% de polimorfonucleares.Salvado

Arq Neuropsiquiatr

p.772-777Este é um estudo de prognóstico em que é avaliada uma coorte retrospectiva de 231 pacientes com diagnóstico de meningoencefalite tuberculosa, com o objetivo de determinar os fatores prognósticos de letalidade. A idade variou de menos de 1 a 68 anos, com 97 pacientes (42%) na faixa etária igual ou inferior a 4 anos. Em 62 casos ocorreu a confirmação diagnóstica por líquor (cultura, baciloscopia, PCR) ou necropsia; nos demais casos o diagnóstico foi baseado em critérios clínicos, epidemiológicos e resposta terapêutica. Na análise multivariada observamos que os fatores prognósticos mais importantes foram: faixa etária menor que 4 anos, ocorrência de convulsão e alterações de consciência consideradas graves.São Paul