958 research outputs found
Occupancy Estimation Using Low-Cost Wi-Fi Sniffers
Real-time measurements on the occupancy status of indoor and outdoor spaces
can be exploited in many scenarios (HVAC and lighting system control, building
energy optimization, allocation and reservation of spaces, etc.). Traditional
systems for occupancy estimation rely on environmental sensors (CO2,
temperature, humidity) or video cameras. In this paper, we depart from such
traditional approaches and propose a novel occupancy estimation system which is
based on the capture of Wi-Fi management packets from users' devices. The
system, implemented on a low-cost ESP8266 microcontroller, leverages a
supervised learning model to adapt to different spaces and transmits occupancy
information through the MQTT protocol to a web-based dashboard. Experimental
results demonstrate the validity of the proposed solution in four different
indoor university spaces.Comment: Submitted to Balkancom 201
Building up knowledge through passive WiFi probes
Inexpensive WiFi-capable hardware can be nowadays easily used to capture traffic from end users and extract knowledge. Such knowledge can be leveraged to support advanced services like user profiling, device classification. We review here the main building blocks to develop a system based on passive WiFi monitors, that is, cheap and viable sniffers which collect data from end devices even without an explicit association to any Wi-Fi network. We provide an overview of the services which can be enabled by such approach with three practical scenarios: user localization, user profiling and device classification. We evaluate the performance of each one of the three scenarios and highlight the challenges and threats for the aforementioned systems
Feature-Sniffer: Enabling IoT Forensics in OpenWrt based Wi-Fi Access Points
The Internet of Things is in constant growth, with millions of devices used
every day in our homes and workplaces to ease our lives. Such a strict
coexistence between humans and smart devices makes the latter digital witnesses
of our every-day lives through their sensor systems. This opens up to a new
area of digital investigation named IoT Forensics, where digital traces
produced by smart devices (network traffic, in primis) are leveraged as
evidences for forensic purposes. It is therefore important to create tools able
to capture, store and possibly analyse easily such digital traces to ease the
job of forensic investigators. This work presents one of such tools, named
Feature-Sniffer, which is thought explicitly for Wi-Fi enabled smart devices
used in Smart Building/Smart Home scenarios. Feature-Sniffer is an add-on for
OpenWrt-based access points and allows to easily perform online traffic feature
extraction, avoiding to store large PCAP files. We present Feature-Sniffer with
an accurate description of the implementation details, and we show its possible
uses with practical examples for device identification and activity
classification from encrypted traffic produced by IoT cameras. We release
Feature-Sniffer publicly for reproducible research.Comment: Paper accepted for publication at IEEE 8th World Forum of Internet of
Things (IEEE WF-IOT 2022
Effects of solar activity on noise in CALIOP profiles above the South Atlantic Anomaly
We show that nighttime dark noise measurements from the spaceborne lidar
CALIOP contain valuable information about the evolution of upwelling
high-energy radiation levels. Above the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), CALIOP
dark noise levels fluctuate by ±6% between 2006 and 2013, and follow
the known anticorrelation of local particle flux with the 11-year cycle of
solar activity (with a 1-year lag). By analyzing the geographic distribution
of noisy profiles, we are able to reproduce known findings about the SAA
region. Over the considered period, it shifts westward by
0.3° year<sup>−1</sup>, and changes in size by 6° meridionally and
2° zonally, becoming larger with weaker solar activity. All results are
in strong agreement with previous works. We predict SAA noise levels will
increase anew after 2014, and will affect future spaceborne lidar missions
most near 2020
Exact Constructions in the (Non-linear) Planar Theory of Elasticity: From Elastic Crystals to Nematic Elastomers
In this article we deduce necessary and sufficient conditions for the presence of “Conti-type”, highly symmetric, exactly stress-free constructions in the geometrically non-linear, planar n-well problem, generalising results of Conti et al. (Proc R Soc A 73(2203):20170235, 2017). Passing to the limit , this allows us to treat solid crystals and nematic elastomer differential inclusions simultaneously. In particular, we recover and generalise (non-linear) planar tripole star type deformations which were experimentally observed in Kitano and Kifune (Ultramicroscopy 39(1–4):279–286, 1991), Manolikas and Amelinckx (Physica Status Solidi (A) 60(2):607–617, 1980; Physica Status Solidi (A) 61(1):179–188, 1980). Furthermore, we discuss the corresponding geometrically linearised problem
A Visual Sensor Network for Parking Lot Occupancy Detection in Smart Cities
Technology is quickly revolutionizing our everyday lives, helping us to perform complex tasks. The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm is getting more and more popular and is key to the development of Smart Cities. Among all the applications of IoT in the context of Smart Cities, real-time parking lot occupancy detection recently gained a lot of attention. Solutions based on computer vision yield good performance in terms of accuracy and are deployable on top of visual sensor networks. Since the problem of detecting vacant parking lots is usually distributed over multiple cameras, adhoc algorithms for content acquisition and transmission are to be devised. A traditional paradigm consists in acquiring and encoding images or videos and transmitting them to a central controller, which is responsible for analyzing such content. A novel paradigm, which moves part of the analysis to sensing devices, is quickly becoming popular. We propose a system for distributed parking lot occupancy detection based on the latter paradigm, showing that onboard analysis and transmission of simple features yield better performance with respect to the traditional paradigm in terms of the overall rate-energy-accuracy performance
An Implementation for Dynamic Application Allocation in Shared Sensor Networks
We present a system architecture implementation to perform dynamic application allocation in shared sensor networks, where highly integrated wireless sensor systems are used to support multiple applications. The architecture is based on a central controller that collects the received data from the sensor nodes, dynamically decides which applications must be simultaneously deployed in each node and, accordingly, over-the-air reprograms the sensor nodes. Waspmote devices are used as sensor nodes that communicate with the controller using ZigBee protocol. Experimental results show the viability of the proposal
- …