Water infrastructure and social housing in Bogotá: an intersection between modern water management and social housing production

En la actualidad Bogotá afronta la presión de construir viviendas sociales en ecosistemas frágiles, áreas rurales o zonas propensas a las inundaciones, y al mismo tiempo proteger estas áreas para asegurar la capacidad de resiliencia del medio ambiente. Ante esta contradicción, la pregunta de investigación es: ¿Cómo se pueden modificar las tendencias de urbanización para crear una interacción que favorezca el manejo sustentable del agua? Con el fin de responder esta pregunta ésta comunicación presenta un análisis histórico de planes de alcantarillado y control hidráulico desarrollados desde 1990, junto con una revisión de proyectos de vivienda social representativos, e investiga la interacción entre estos dos campos. El análisis permite definir diferentes etapas en la transformación física del sistema hídrico que se basan en los cambios universales de paradigma en la gestión del agua e ilustra diferentes construcciones socio-culturales en torno a la naturaleza, además analiza la producción de vivienda en relación a la transformación del sistema hídrico.Currently, Bogotá faces the pressure to continue to urbanize fragile ecosystems, rural lands and flood prone areas with low-cost housing projects and simultaneously protect these areas to ensure environmental resilience. Given this contradiction, the question is how urbanization trends could be reversed into a constructive interplay with a revised water management? In order to that, this paper provides an historical analysis of representative water infrastructure projects, urban plans and housing projects in Bogotá developed after 1900 and investigates the interplays between this two realms. The analysis allows to define different stages in the physical transformation of the water system that are based on universal paradigm shifts in water management and illustrates different socio-cultural constructions around nature. It also analysis the production of social housing in relation to the water system transformation

Meeting Colorado's future water supply needs: opportunities and challenges associated with potential agricultural water conservation measures

September 2008.Presented by Colorado Agricultural Water Alliance.Includes bibliographical references

Ozone application in water sources: effects of operational parameters and water quality variables on ozone residual profiles and decay rates

Systematic ozonation tests were conducted by means of a mobile pilot plant. Water source 1 was a low turbidity stream with very low solids content and very low turbidity, apparent color and alkalinity. Water source 2 was reservoir water with higher turbidity, solids content and alkalinity than source 1. The ozone plant was a counter-current contactor composed of four columns in series. Variations in contact time, in the feed gas concentration (in terms of percent by weight of ozone) and in splitting of the total applied ozone dosage between columns 1 and 2 were tested. Concentration - time (CT) products were calculated and decay coefficients K were estimated from experimental data. The relative importance of water quality and certain operational parameters with regard to CT products and ozone decay was assessed. Total CT values seemed to increase with: (a) total applied ozone dosage, (b) percent by weight of ozone in the feed gas to the bubble contactor, (c) increasing contact time and (d) higher water quality, with regard to turbidity, apparent color, total organic carbon and particle counts. As the total applied ozone dosage was increased, the more important the contact time and ozone dosage configuration became for the total CT value. The apparent first order ozone decay rate constant (K) decreased with increasing total applied ozone dosage. The contact time appeared to exert a much stronger influence on total CT values than on K values, particularly so as the total applied ozone dosage was increased

Municipal Waste Management: Suffolk County Municipal Systems, Services and Infrastructure

This report describes the municipal waste management systems used by local governments to manage solid waste in Suffolk County, Long Island, New York. There are ten Towns that serve as the primary planners for waste systems in Suffolk County. Many of the 33 villages in Suffolk County have established their own waste management programs and policies. All programs tend to follow the same general plan of the approaches used by their respective Towns, however. All programs provide some degree of recycling services, although the scope of the services varies tremendously

Vibrant Eco-system Creation for Sustainability: A Lesson from Singapore's Water Industry

Through a stepwise national strategy of importing technology, building indigenous capabilities through learning and assimilating imported technology to exporting the indigenous capabilities, Singapore has successfully caught up with the nations that are advanced in the technologies related to water treatment. From the macro-numerical phenomenon observed, this paper aims to provide both qualitative and quantitative evidences of this co-evolutionary dynamism between innovation and institutional systems. Realising the issue as a comprehensive technology chain and its substitution for traditional resources, sophisticated combination of government stimulation and industry participation leading to a Global Hydrohub has induced world leading-edge innovation involvement. Such a vibrant eco-system aiming at overcoming the constraints for sustainable growth can be applied not only to water management but also to energy and climate change issues. Policy makers in emerging economies can adapt the successful practices and note the pitfalls in establishing the vibrant eco-system that is essential for sustainable environmental solutions for their economies

Evaluation of the environmental impacts and alternative technologies of deicing/anti-icing operations at airports

Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 47-50).by Jui Shan Yong.M.Eng

Modeling of nitrate loading and transport in the Plymouth aquifer

Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-61).by Adel Ahanin.M.Eng

Evaluation of distributed recharge in an upland semi-arid karst system: The west bank mountain aquifer, middle east.‖ Hydrogeol J

Abstract Assessment of recharge in a structurally complex upland karst limestone aquifer situated in a semi-arid environment is difficult. Resort to surrogate indicators such as measurement of spring outflow and borehole discharge, is a common alternative, and attempts to apply conventional soil moisture deficit analysis may not adequately account for the intermittent spate conditions that arise in such environments. A modelling approach has been made using the West Bank Mountain Aquifer system in the Middle East as a trial. The model uses object oriented software which allows various objects to be switched on and off. Each of the main recharge processes identified in the West Bank is incorporated. The model allows either conventional soil moisture deficit analysis calculations or wetting threshold calculations to be made as appropriate, and accommodates both direct recharge and secondary recharge. Daily time steps enable recharge and runoff routing to be calculated for each node. Model runs have enabled a series of simulations for each of the three aquifer basins in the West Bank and for the whole of the West Bank. These provide recharge estimates comparable to those prepared by earlier workers by conventional means. The model is adaptable and has been successfully used in other environments. Résumé Il est difficile d'évaluer la recharge d'un aquifère calcaire karstique qui présente une structure complexe et qui est localisé en montagne dans un environnement semiaride. Le recours à des indicateurs, tels que la mesure du débit d'une source ou le rendement d'un puits, représente une alternative commune, et essayer d'effectuer conventionnellement une analyse du déficit d'humidité du sol risque de ne pas prendre en compte les conditions associées aux crues intermittentes, lesquelles sont propres à de tels environnements. A titre d'essai, une approche par modélisation a été effectuée sur le système aquifère de West Bank Mountain au Moyen-Orient. Le modèle utilise un logiciel orienté objet, ce qui permet d'activer ou de désactiver un groupe d'objets. Chacun des principaux processus de recharge identifiés sur le West Bank est incorporé. Le modèle permet soit de réaliser des calculs conventionnels de déficit d'humidité du sol, soit de faire des calculs de seuil d'humidification et il permet de prendre en compte à la fois la recharge directe et la recharge secondaire. Des pas de temps journaliers permettent de calculer en chaque noeud la trajectoire de la recharge et du ruissellement. Le modèle a permis d'effectuer des séries de simulations pour chacun des trois bassins aquifères du West Bank ainsi que pour la totalité du West Bank. Ce travail a fourni des estimations comparables à celles obtenues précédemment par des moyens conventionnels. Ce modèle est transposable et a été appliqué avec succès à d'autres environnements. Resumen La evaluación de recarga en un acuífero de caliza kárstica estructuralmente complejo de tierras altas es difícil. Una alternativa común consiste en recurrir a indicadores sustitutos tal como la medición de descargas de manantial y descarga de sondeos mientras que los intentos de aplicar los análisis convencionales de déficit de humedad de suelo pueden no explicar adecuadamente para las condiciones torrenciales intermitentes que se presentan en tales ambientes. Se ha utilizado un enfoque de modelizado usando el sistema Acuífero de la Montaña del Banco Occidental en el Medio Oriente como prueba. El modelo usa un programa orientado al objeto el cual permite que varios objetos se enciendan y apaguen. Se incorpora cada uno de los principales procesos de recarga identificados en el Banco Occidental. El modelo permite ya sea cálculos convencionales de análisis de déficit de humedad de suelo o cálculos de umbrales de humedad para ser hechos como apropiados, acomodando tanto la recarga directa como la recarga secundaria. Los intervalos de tiempo diario permiten calcular para cada nodo las rutas de escorrentía y recarga. Las corridas del modelo han permitido una serie de simulaciones para cada una de las tres cuencas de acuíferos en el Banco Occidental y para todo el Banco Occidental. Las simulaciones aportan estimados de recarga que son comparables a los elaborados por investigadores previos usand