2019 international consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations : summary from the basic life support; advanced life support; pediatric life support; neonatal life support; education, implementation, and teams; and first aid task forces

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation has initiated a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed, published cardiopulmonary resuscitation science. This is the third annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. It addresses the most recent published resuscitation evidence reviewed by International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Task Force science experts. This summary addresses the role of cardiac arrest centers and dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the role of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adults and children, vasopressors in adults, advanced airway interventions in adults and children, targeted temperature management in children after cardiac arrest, initial oxygen concentration during resuscitation of newborns, and interventions for presyncope by first aid providers. Members from 6 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the certainty of the evidence on the basis of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, and their statements include consensus treatment recommendations. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in the Justification and Evidence to Decision Framework Highlights sections. The task forces also listed priority knowledge gaps for further research

Deviation of eyes and head in acute cerebral stroke

BACKGROUND: It is a well-known phenomenon that some patients with acute left or right hemisphere stroke show a deviation of the eyes (Prévost's sign) and head to one side. Here we investigated whether both right- and left-sided brain lesions may cause this deviation. Moreover, we studied the relationship between this phenomenon and spatial neglect. In contrast to previous studies, we determined not only the discrete presence or absence of eye deviation with the naked eye through clinical inspection, but actually measured the extent of horizontal eye-in-head and head-on-trunk deviation. In further contrast, measurements were performed early after stroke onset (1.5 days on average). METHODS: Eye-in-head and head-on-trunk positions were measured at the bedside in 33 patients with acute unilateral left or right cerebral stroke consecutively admitted to our stroke unit. RESULTS: Each single patient with spatial neglect and right hemisphere lesion showed a marked deviation of the eyes and the head to the ipsilesional, right side. The average spontaneous gaze position in this group was 46° right, while it was close to the saggital body midline (0°) in the groups with acute left- or right-sided stroke but no spatial neglect as well as in healthy subjects. CONCLUSION: A marked horizontal eye and head deviation observed ~1.5 days post-stroke is not a symptom associated with acute cerebral lesions per se, nor is a general symptom of right hemisphere lesions, but rather is specific for stroke patients with spatial neglect. The evaluation of the patient's horizontal eye and head position thus could serve as a brief and easy way helping to diagnose spatial neglect, in addition to the traditional paper-and-pencil tests

The influence of organizational culture and climate on entrepreneurial intentions among research scientists

Over the past decades, universities have increasingly become involved in entrepreneurial activities. Despite efforts to embrace their ‘third mission’, universities still demonstrate great heterogeneity in terms of their involvement in academic entrepreneurship. This papers adopts an institutional perspective to understand how organizational characteristics affect research scientists’ entrepreneurial intentions. Specifically, we study the impact of university culture and climate on entrepreneurial intentions, including intentions to spin off a company, to engage in patenting or licensing and to interact with industry through contract research or consulting. Using a sample of 437 research scientists from Swedish and German universities, our results reveal that the extent to which universities articulate entrepreneurship as a fundamental element of their mission fosters research scientists’ intentions to engage in spin-off creation and intellectual property rights, but not industry-science interaction. Furthermore, the presence of university role models positively affects research scientists’ propensity to engage in entrepreneurial activities, both directly and indirectly through entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Finally, research scientists working at universities which explicitly reward people for ‘third mission’ related output show higher levels of spin-off and patenting or licensing intentions. This study has implications for both academics and practitioners, including university managers and policy makers

CONJUGATE EYE DEVIATION - LOCALIZATION OF HEMISPHERIC LESIONS

Conjugate eye deviation (CED) is generally attributed to a lesion of the frontal eye fields or its subcortical projections leading to a contralateral saccadic palsy. This theory is mainly based on experimental studies. However, clinical studies yield rather conflicting results as to the localizing value of this sign. The authors therefore performed a prospective study of 74 patients with CED caused by a hemispheric lesion. The diagnosis and site of the lesion was based on CT-scan and/or autopsy findings. In all but two patients the sign was caused by a stroke. The results of the study can be summarized as follows: 1. The area of the frontal eye fields is not damaged in most patients with CED, rather, the inferior parietal lobule is involved. 2. One exclusive location of the lesion responsible for CED is unlikely. 3. CED can probably result from a lesion at different sites within the circuit formed by inferior parietal lobule-frontal eye fields-superior colliculus and pontine reticular formation, predominantly located in the connecting pathways. 4. There is a hemispheric asymmetry for this sign, with a more frequent occurrence after right-sided lesions

Using picture analysis as a measurement tool for measuring edema in the hand: a study about usability and functionality

he purpose of this study was to determine whether picture analysis can be used for detecting change of edema in the hand and whether picture analysis can be an added value in the patient’s treatment. \u3cbr/\u3eIt was analyzed which factors are important for detecting change of edema and if this can be detected by using a photography tool.\u3cbr/\u3eThe results indicate that when there is no change of skin structure or hemorrhage, it is not possible to detect small changes with the technology of this tool. The main reason for this is the limitation of 2-dimensional pictures to see depth.\u3cbr/\u3