PAEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICAL PRESENTATION OF HALITOSIS IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY

Background: Halitosis is a common medico social symptom among children. Aim: To determine the clinical, epidemiological patterns, aetiology and psycho-social issues of halitosis among children in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Methodology: This was a prospective hospital based study of children with complaints of halitosis. The study was carried out in Ear, Nose & throat Department, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti over a period of two years, (October 2015 to September 2017). Consent was obtained from the parents/guardian. Data was obtained by using pretested interviewer assisted questionnaire. All the data obtained were collated and analyzed by using SPSS version 16.0. Ethical clearance was obtained from the ethical committee of the institution. Results: The prevalence of halitosis in this study was 6.8% and there were 58.5% males and 41.5% females with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. Their age ranged from 1 year – 18 years with a mean of 9.48 ± 5.84 SD years. Sources of referral for the otorhinolaryngology, head and neck care were mainly from general practitioners (52.3%) and from pediatricians (24.6%). Halitosis was noticed by family members in 50.8% and from family friends in 23.1%. Nasal and throat diseases in 49.2% and 29.2% respectively were the commonest otorhinolaryngology, head and neck disorders that were responsible for halitosis. The major causes were rhinosinusitis in 24.6%, impacted nasal foreign body in 23.1% and adenotonsillar hypertrophy in 18.5%. Associated disabilities in children and family with halitosis include social withdrawal in 35.4%, low social interaction in 32.3% and depression in 29.2%. Acute halitosis (3/12) accounted for 49.2%. In all, fifty four (83.1%) of the patients were successfully treated. Conclusion: Bad breath is a common ear, nose and throat symptom in children it is commonly due to nasal and pharyngeal diseases which are amenable to treatment

Pattern of Tympanic Membrane Perforation in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria

Background/Objectives: Tympanic membrane perforation is a common otological disorder with associated hearing impairment. This study aimed at determining the clinicoepidemiological pattern, etiological factors, clinical presentation, and management of tympanic membrane perforation in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, hospital‑based study of patients with the clinical finding of perforated tympanic membrane. The study was carried out over a period of 5 years (September 2012 to August 2017). Interviewer‑assisted questionnaire was administered to obtain the detailed history and clinical findings from consenting patients. Data collected were collated and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Results: A total of 529 patients had tympanic membrane perforation, of which 368 (69.6%) were males and 161 (30.4%) were females with a male‑to‑female ratio of 2:1. The prevalence of tympanic membrane perforation in this study was 7.8%. The most common presenting symptom among the patients was otorrhea in 81.5%, otalgia in 72.8%, and tinnitus in 55.7%. Acute suppurative otitis media was a cause of tympanic membrane perforation in 28.4% of the patients while 55.7% of the patients proceed to chronic suppurative otitis media. Unilateral tympanic membrane perforation was 79.0%. The left ear tympanic membrane perforation was 43.9%. Grade 1 tympanic membrane perforation accounted for 39.3% while grade 2 accounted for 32.3%. The most common types of tympanic membrane perforation were central in 38.2%, anterior central in 32.3%, and posterior central in 19.3%. Conductive hearing impairment accounted for 61.6% while sensorineural hearing impairment 25.3%. The most common degrees of hearing impairment were mild and moderate and accounted for 47.1% and 25.1%, respectively. The most common complications of tympanic membrane perforation were hearing impairment in 52.6%. Majority of the patients (425) were treated conservatively, six had fat patches, while 98 were treated surgically. Tympanic membrane perforation healed at the end of 3 months in 81.5%, while 18.5% did not heal after 3 months. Conclusion: Tympanic membrane perforation arises mainly from middle ear infections and traumatic causes. At presentation, size and location of perforation vary which depend on duration of infection or the traumatic causes

Malignant Otitis Externa in Developing Country

Objective: Malignant otitis externa is a potentially life threatening infection of external auditory canal and skull base in an immunocompromised person. The outcome tends to be fatal due to the skull base osteomyelitis, especially if diagnois is delayed or is poorly treated. This epidemiological study in developing country is aimed at sensitizing for high level of suspicious early diagnosis and treatment. Method: This is a prospective study of patients with diagnosis of malignant otitis externa managed in a tertiary hospital between year 2012 - 2016. All consented patients with the disorder were enrolled into the study. Data obtained were collated and analysed. Result: Nine patients with malignant otitis externa were seen during the study period. Male to female ratio was 1:1. The peak was between 61 and 70 years. The most frequent symptoms were otalgia 9 (100%) and hearing loss 9 (100%) while cranial neuropathy was encountered in 6 (66.7%). The most implicated microganisms was Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7(28%). All patients had combination of both medical and surgical intervention. There was 1death (11.1%). Conclusion: Malignant otitis external is a complication of diabetes with high morbidity, however prompt diagnosis and treatment could mitigate the mortalit

An evaluation of sinusitis in Lagos, Nigeria

No Abstract.Nigerian Medical Journal Vol. 46 (3) 2005: pp. 53-5

A controlled study of middle ear disease in Nigerian children with cleft lip and or palate

No Abstract.Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine Vol. 11(1-4) 2001: 24-2

The Prevalence Of Nasal Trauma In Uch,Ibadan - Nigeria

Objective: Nasal trauma is commonly seen in head and neck injuries involving the face, this is because of its facial prominence antero-posteriorly. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of Nasal Trauma, assess the various aetiological factors and pattern of injuries. Methods:- A one year prospective study of Nasal trauma at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Results: A total of one thousand three hundred and fifty patients (1,350) with all forms of trauma presenting at UCH, Ibadan during the study period were included. Nasal trauma alone or in association with other injuries was found in 145 (10.7%) of the patients. There were 108 males and 37 females (M:F.3:1) and the peak age group affected was found to be 20 – 29 years. Vehicular road traffic accidents was found to be the highest cause of nasal trauma 53.1% (77.0) followed by pedestrian road traffic accidents with 15.9 (23.0). Nasal soft tissue injury was commoner, 89.0% (129.0) than the skeletal frame-work (bones and cartilages), 11.0% (16.0) Highland Medical Research Journal Vol.2(1) 2004: 53-5

Disabling Hearing Loss In Two Industries In Lagos, Nigeria

Objective: To determine the prevalence of disabling hearing loss (> 40 dBA) inn two industries in Nigeria Methods: Cross – sectional survey conducted in a textile and a booting industry in Lagos, Nigeria amongst 217 noise – exposed and 155 non –noise exposed subjects. Data collection included use of a questionnaire, ontological examination, audiometric and noise level measurements. Result: The prevalence of disabling hearing loss was significantly higher in exposed subjects (17 %) compared with non- noise exposed subjects (7%, P = 0.008), while the attributable fraction was 58%. In the textile industry , hearing loss was significantly higher amongst exposed subjects (36%) compared with non- noise exposed group ( 11% p = 0.0001 ) but the prevalence was similar amongst the group in the bottling industry ( p > 0.05 ) Furthermore , a significantly proportion of all subjects in the textile company ( 23%) had hearing loss compared with the bottling industry (2 % p = 0.0000) . Hearing loss was significantly associated with age older than 35 years (p= 0.009) and duration of employment greater than 5 years ( p = 0.02 ). Conclusion: Disabling hearing loss was significantly higher in the noise – exposed subjects and indicates the need for a hearing conservation programme amongst these workers. Key Words: Disabling hearing loss, noise, audiometry, industry. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Vol.7(1) 2004: 4-