Pelvic trauma : WSES classification and guidelines

Complex pelvic injuries are among the most dangerous and deadly trauma related lesions. Different classification systems exist, some are based on the mechanism of injury, some on anatomic patterns and some are focusing on the resulting instability requiring operative fixation. The optimal treatment strategy, however, should keep into consideration the hemodynamic status, the anatomic impairment of pelvic ring function and the associated injuries. The management of pelvic trauma patients aims definitively to restore the homeostasis and the normal physiopathology associated to the mechanical stability of the pelvic ring. Thus the management of pelvic trauma must be multidisciplinary and should be ultimately based on the physiology of the patient and the anatomy of the injury. This paper presents the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) classification of pelvic trauma and the management Guidelines.Peer reviewe

Postoperative pancreatic fistula: a review of traditional and emerging concepts

Christopher B Nahm,1–3 Saxon J Connor,4 Jaswinder S Samra,1,2,5 Anubhav Mittal1,2,5 1Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; 2Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; 3Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; 4Department of Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand; 5Australian Pancreatic Centre, Sydney, Australia Abstract: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) remains the major cause of morbidity after pancreatic resection, affecting up to 41% of cases. With the recent development of a consensus definition of POPF, there has been a large number of reports examining various risk factors, prediction models, and mitigation strategies for this costly complication. Despite these strategies, the rates of POPF have not significantly diminished. Here, we review the literature and evidence regarding both traditional and emerging concepts in POPF prediction, prevention, and management. In particular, we review the evidence for the association between postoperative pancreatitis and POPF, and present a novel proposed mechanism for the development of POPF. Keywords: postoperative pancreatic fistula, postoperative pancreatitis, distal pancreatectomy, pancreaticoduodenectom

Readability as a Component of the Usability of a Web Presentation - A Case Study from the Banking Sector

In many comprehensive and overall considerations of usability of web presentations, readability as a factor that potentially influences usability is not represented at all, or it is represented unsystematically and superficially. The main goal of this paper is establishing a connection between usability and readability. There is no known research that previously dealt with this topic. In order to establish the above correlation, firstly the classification of usability features was performed. This original classification has had an important function in identifying the major website usability constructs. Based on the identified major usability and readability features (constructs), an original questionnaire for assessing the usability and quality of websites was formed. This tool, together with the interviewing method was used in the case study, which referred to the website of a company operating in the banking sector. As a result of the case study, a high correlation of 0.943 is established between the organization of information on the screen (a usability feature) and the structure of headings, sub-headings, and positioning of the text (a readability feature). The existence of a strong link between the possibilities for finding information (a usability feature) and the content (explanations, arguments, coherence) of the textual presentation (a readability feature) has been established. This and other results obtained indicate that complex considerations that refer to the usability of websites, as well as tools that are used for usability assessment should involve in a systematic way the readability as an important factor, which can have the influence on usability