417 research outputs found
Noncommutativity and Lorentz Violation in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
The experimental detection of the effects of noncommuting coordinates in
electrodynamic phenomena depends on the magnitude of |\theta B|, where \theta
is the noncommutativity parameter and B a background magnetic field. With the
present upper bound on \theta, given by \theta_{\rm bound} \simeq 1/(10 {\rm
TeV})^2, there was no large enough magnetic field in nature, including those
observed in magnetars, that could give visible effects or, conversely, that
could be used to further improve \theta_{\rm bound}. On the other hand,
recently it has been proposed that intense enough magnetic fields should be
produced at the beginning of relativistic heavy ion collisions. We discuss here
lepton pair production by free photons as one kind of signature of
noncommutativity and Lorentz violation that could occur at RHIC or LHC. This
allows us to obtain a more stringent bound on \theta, given by 10^{-3}
\theta_{\rm bound}, if such "exotic" events do not occur.Comment: Five pages, no figures
Non-extensivity Parameter of Thermodynamical Model of Hadronic Interactions at LHC energies
The LHC measurements above SPS and Tevatron energies give the opportunity to
test predictions of non-extensive thermodynamical picture of hadronic
interaction to examine measured transverse momenta distributions for new
interaction energy range. We determined Tsallis model non-extensivity parameter
for the hadronization process before short-lived particles decayed and distort
the initial p_t distribution. We have shown that it follows exactly smooth rise
determined at lower energies below present LHC record. The shape of the q
parameter energy dependence is consistent with expectations and the evidence of
the asymptotic limit may be seen.Comment: 2 pages, 2 figure
Inhomogeneous phase of a Gluon Plasma at finite temperature and density
By considering the non-perturbative effects associated with the fundamental
modular region, a new phase of a Gluon Plasma at finite density is proposed. It
corresponds to the transition from glueballs to non-perturbative gluons which
condense at a non vanishing momentum. In this respect the proposed phase is
analogous to the color superconducting LOFF phase for fermionic systems.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Scaling of variables and the relation between noncommutative parameters in Noncommutative Quantum Mechanics
We consider Noncommutative Quantum Mechanics with phase space
noncommutativity. In particular, we show that a scaling of variables leaves the
noncommutative algebra invariant, so that only the self-consistent effective
parameters of the model are physically relevant. We also discuss the recently
proposed relation of direct proportionality between the noncommutative
parameters, showing that it has a limited applicability.Comment: Revtex4, 4 pages; version to match the published on
DISTINCT PHENOTYPIC CHANGES BY PACAP AND VIP IN LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE STIMULATED BV2 MICROGLIAL CELLS
Background: Aberrant microglial activation plays a key role in the progressive neuronal loss seen in many neurodegenerative diseases. PACAP and VIP are two neuropeptides that elicit robust immunosuppressive functions within the CNS. However, the underlying mechanisms through which these peptides regulate microglia activities are not clear. Aim & Objectives: Using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce BV2 microglial cell polarisation, we aimed at testing whether and how administration of either PACAP or VIP could differentially affect microglial pro-inflammatory profile, polarisation state and morphological appearance to elicit immunosuppressive effects. Methods: Quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot, Griess reactions, immunofluorescence and morphological analyses were conducted in order to determine the effects of PACAP and VIP in BV2 microglial cells exposed or not to 1”g/ml LPS. Results: Our data demonstrated that both PACAP and VIP reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. We also found that exogenous administration of PACAP and VIP rescued the dysregulations of the endogenous PACAP/VIP levels and attenuated the expression of microglial activation markers caused by LPS. Interestingly, despite the similar anti-inflammatory activities of PACAP and VIP, PACAP mainly reduced the number of M1 polarised cells, whereas VIP acted by increasing the subpopulation of cells exhibiting an âintermediateâ phenotype/bipolar-shaped (p<0.001 vs. control), at the expenses of resting/rounded cells. Conclusion: PACAP and VIP both possess immunosuppressive effects in activated BV2 microglial cells, but these effects seem to involve the differential shift of certain cell subpopulations towards distinctive phenotypes
On the Vacuum Cherenkov Radiation in Noncommutative Electrodynamics and the Elusive Effects of Lorentz Violation
We show that in the framework of noncommutative classical electrodynamics
Cherenkov radiation is permitted in vacuum and we explicitly compute its
spectrum at first order in the noncommutative parameter. We discuss the
phenomenological impact of the merge of this new analysis with the old results
of the substantial modification to the spectrum of the synchrotron radiation
obtained in P.Castorina, A.Iorio and D.Zappala, Phys. Rev. D 69 (2004)065008.
We propose to consider the pulsars' radiation spectrum - due to its very strong
magnetic field - to investigate these Lorentz violating effects in
astrophysical phenomena.Comment: 6 pgs, latex file; published versio
Predictions of hadron abundances in pp collisions at the LHC
Based on the statistical hadronization model, we obtain quantitative
predictions for the relative abundances of hadron species in pp collisions at
the LHC. By using the parameters of the model determined at sqrt s = 200 GeV,
and extrapolating the overall normalization from ppbar collisions at the SPS
and Tevatron, we find that the expected rapidity densities are almost
grand-canonical. Therefore, at LHC the ratios between different species become
essentially energy-independent, provided that the hadronization temperature T_H
and the strangeness suppression factor gamma_S retain the stable values
observed in the presently explored range of pp and ppbar collisions.Comment: 4 pages. Final version published in JP
Fixed points and vacuum energy of dynamically broken gauge theories
We show that if a gauge theory with dynamical symmetry breaking has
non-trivial fixed points, they will correspond to extrema of the vacuum energy.
This relationship provides a different method to determine fixed points.Comment: 17 pages, uuencoded latex file, 3 figures, uses epsf and epsfig.
Submitted to Mod. Phys. Lett.
Noncommutative electrodynamics and ultra high energy gamma rays
Plane waves in noncommutative classical electrodynamics (NCED) have a
peculiar dispersion relation. We investigate the kinematical conditions on this
deformed "mass shell" which come from ultra high energy gamma rays and discuss
noncommutative dynamical effects on the gamma absorption by the infrared
background and on the intrinsic spectrum. Finally we note that in NCED there is
a strong correlation between the modified dispersion relation and the presence
of dynamical effects in electromagnetic phenomena such as in the case of the
synchrotron radiation. From this point of view, the limits on the typical
energy scale of the violation of Lorentz invariance obtained by deformed
dispersion relations and by assuming undeformed dynamical effects should be
taken with some caution.Comment: Latex file, 7 pages, to be published in Europhysics Letter
The Exact String Black-Hole behind the hadronic Rindler horizon?
The recently suggested interpretation of the universal hadronic freeze-out
temperature T_f ~ 170 Mev - found for all high energy scattering processes that
produce hadrons: e+ e-, p p, p anti-p, pi p, etc. and N N' (heavy-ion
collisions) - as a Unruh temperature triggers here the search for the
gravitational black-hole that in its near-horizon approximation better
simulates this hadronic phenomenon. To identify such a black-hole we begin our
gravity-gauge theory phenomenologies matching by asking the question: which
black-hole behind that Rindler horizon could reproduce the experimental
behavior of T_f (\sqrt{s}) in N N', where \sqrt{s} is the collision energy.
Provided certain natural assumptions hold, we show that the exact string
black-hole turns out to be the best candidate (as it fits the available data on
T_f (\sqrt{s})) and that its limiting case, the Witten black-hole, is the
unique candidate to explain the constant T_f for all elementary scattering
processes at large energy. We also are able to propose an effective description
of the screening of the hadronic string tension sigma(mu_b) due to the baryon
density effects on T_f.Comment: 15 pages, 2 eps figure
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