Competencias emprendedoras en el aprendizaje aplicado al saber hacer

[EN] Practical work in the University courses on the development of the "entrepreneurial skills" allows promoting student potential capabilities in this aspect, and, at the same time, developing innovative skills. These training practices offer to future graduates the necessary prototypes to develop creation-processes of their own businesses. This contribution shows the obtained results in three subjects (two masters degrees and one degree with professional attributions) in relation to the entrepreneurial potential of students, who must deliver a practical work based on the development of an innovative product, having in mind the creation of a company. The developed product must be introduced to participants in the course, students and teachers, which will jointly evaluate it and thus, 95% of the final grade of the student in the subject. The main target is to enhance the innovative capacity of students and show the real evidence of entrepreneurial skills of them, whose development is encouraged through their own experience[ES] El trabajo práctico en las asignaturas universitarias sobre el desarrollo de las “competencias emprendedoras” permite promover en el estudiante las posibles capacidades en esta faceta, a la par que desarrolla habilidades innovadoras. Estas prácticas formativas ofrecen los prototipos necesarios a los futuros egresados para desarrollar procesos de creación de sus propias empresas. La presente contribución expone los resultados obtenidos en tres asignaturas (dos de máster oficial y una de grado con atribuciones profesionales) en relación al potencial emprendedor de los estudiantes, que deben realizar un trabajo práctico basado en el desarrollo de un producto innovador, con miras a la creación de empresas. El producto desarrollado debe presentarse a los participantes en la asignatura, alumnos y profesores, que evaluarán conjuntamente el producto y, con ello, el 95% de la nota final del alumno en la asignatura. El principal objetivo es potenciar la capacidad innovadora del estudiante y exponer la evidencia real de las competencias emprendedoras del alumnado, cuyo desarrollo se fomenta a través de la propia experiencia.Raigón Jiménez, MD.; Castell Zeising, V. (2016). Competencias emprendedoras en el aprendizaje aplicado al saber hacer. En In-Red 2016. II Congreso nacional de innovación educativa y docencia en red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2016.2016.4379OC

Rice Straw Mulch Installation in a Vineyard Improves Weed Control and Modifies Soil Characteristics

[EN] After harvesting rice paddy fields, rice straw is a significant problem due to uncontrolled CO2 emissions when the straw is burned. One solution to this problem is to use this rice by-product for mulching planting lines of fruit trees or vineyards with the purpose of controlling weeds and improving soil characteristics. A 3-year experiment was conducted at the Polytechnic University of Valencia (Spain) demonstration vineyard, where rice-straw mulch was installed at three rates in 2021, 24.0, 43.1, and 63.1 t ha¿1, and in 2022, 25.0, 37.5, and 50.0 t ha¿1. Weeds were mainly controlled with the highest treatment rate (50.0¿63.1 t ha¿1), as the time of the year for mulch installation is decisive for achieving different weed control rates. On average, mulch decreased soil bulk density (5.4%), and increased the soil organic carbon (24.3%) and water-soluble organic carbon (24.3%) compared to bare soil. Soil temperature changes were observed due to the mulch treatment, with soil temperature lower in bare soil than in mulched soil during the cold season, and higher during the warm season. This effect was highly dependent on the mulch application rate. Soil moisture content was also higher under the mulch treatment, showing a mulch-rate response during the four seasons of the year. The changes in the physical and biological soil properties induced a higher soil respiration rate when mulched soil was compared to bare soil. This study concludes that the use of rice straw as a mulch had positive effects on weed control and soil properties, although three factors concerning mulch management were paramount: rate, the timing of installation, and replacement rate.This research was funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades and the Agencia Estatal de Investigación, grant number RTC-2017-6249-2 titled ¿Desarrollo de un nuevo insumo para la agricultura sostenible: mulch de paja de arroz con incorporación de bacterias promotoras del crecimiento de las plantas (PGPB) y mecanización integral de procesos (SMART MULCH)¿.Gómez De Barreda, D.; Bautista, I.; Castell-Zeising, V.; Lidón, A. (2023). Rice Straw Mulch Installation in a Vineyard Improves Weed Control and Modifies Soil Characteristics. Agronomy. 13(12):1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13123068112131

Seasonal variations of essential oils from five accessions of Mentha longifolia (L.) L. with selected chemical profiles

[EN] Essential oil (EO) yield and composition of five accessions ofMentha longifolia(L.) L. (leaves) were determined throughout their vegetative cycle by GC-MS and GC-FID analysis. These accessions were selected based on TLC profiles of dichloromethane extracts from wild individuals. The profile rich in alpha-terpinyl acetate and 8-acetoxy carvotanacetone has not been previously reported. The maximum value of EO yield was obtained in advanced flowering stage. The major composition changes were noted at the beginning of the vegetative cycle, whereas more stability was found during the flowering stage. Thus, significant changes in the major compounds were found in some accessions: piperitone and piperitenone oxides, alpha-terpineol acetate and 8-acetoxy carvotanacetone, which showed a considerable increase (6.0% to 20.1%) during the vegetative growth, the same way that pulegone and piperitenone oxide in other accessions. As biological activities depend on EO composition, the knowledge of its seasonal changes should be emphasized.Llorens Molina, JA.; Vacas, S.; Castell-Zeising, V.; Verdeguer Sancho, MM. (2020). Seasonal variations of essential oils from five accessions of Mentha longifolia (L.) L. with selected chemical profiles. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 32(5):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2020.1773328S110325Chapter 1Introduction. (2015). Handbook of Essential Oils, 18-21. doi:10.1201/b19393-5De Sousa Barros, A., de Morais, S. M., Ferreira, P. A. T., Vieira, Í. G. P., Craveiro, A. A., dos Santos Fontenelle, R. O., … de Sousa, H. A. (2015). Chemical composition and functional properties of essential oils from Mentha species. Industrial Crops and Products, 76, 557-564. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.07.004Gupta, A. K., Mishra, R., Singh, A. K., Srivastava, A., & Lal, R. K. (2017). Genetic variability and correlations of essential oil yield with agro-economic traits in Mentha species and identification of promising cultivars. Industrial Crops and Products, 95, 726-732. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.11.041Moshrefi Araghi, A., Nemati, H., Azizi, M., Moshtaghi, N., Shoor, M., & Hadian, J. (2019). Assessment of phytochemical and agro-morphological variability among different wild accessions of Mentha longifolia L. cultivated in field condition. Industrial Crops and Products, 140, 111698. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111698Mathela, C. S., Padalia, R. C., Chanotiya, C. S., & Tiwari, A. (2005). Carvone richMentha longifolia(Linn.): Chemical Variation and Commercial Potential. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 8(2), 130-133. doi:10.1080/0972060x.2005.10643432Schippmann, U., Leaman, D., & Cunningham, A. B. (s. f.). A Comparison of Cultivation and Wild Collection of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Under Sustainability Aspects. Wageningen UR Frontis Series, 75-95. doi:10.1007/1-4020-5449-1_6Németh, E. (2005). CHANGES IN ESSENTIAL OIL QUANTITY AND QUALITY INFLUENCED BY ONTOGENETIC FACTORS. Acta Horticulturae, (675), 159-165. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2005.675.23Pothier, J., Galand, N., El Ouali, M., & Viel, C. (2001). Comparison of planar chromatographic methods (TLC, OPLC, AMD) applied to essential oils of wild thyme and seven chemotypes of thyme. Il Farmaco, 56(5-7), 505-511. doi:10.1016/s0014-827x(01)01085-0Franz, C. M. (2010). Essential oil research: past, present and future. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 25(3), 112-113. doi:10.1002/ffj.1983Oil Composition of Other Mentha Species and Hybrids. (2006). Mint, 341-362. doi:10.1201/9780849307980-15Younis, Y. M. H., & Beshir, S. M. (2004). Carvone-Rich Essential Oils fromMentha longifolia(L.) Huds. ssp.schimperiBriq. andMentha spicataL. Grown in Sudan. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 16(6), 539-541. doi:10.1080/10412905.2004.9698792Koliopoulos, G., Pitarokili, D., Kioulos, E., Michaelakis, A., & Tzakou, O. (2010). Chemical composition and larvicidal evaluation of Mentha, Salvia, and Melissa essential oils against the West Nile virus mosquito Culex pipiens. Parasitology Research, 107(2), 327-335. doi:10.1007/s00436-010-1865-3Nazem, V., Sabzalian, M. R., Saeidi, G., & Rahimmalek, M. (2019). Essential oil yield and composition and secondary metabolites in self- and open-pollinated populations of mint (Mentha spp.). Industrial Crops and Products, 130, 332-340. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.12.018Maffei, M. (1988). A chemotype ofMentha longifolia (L.) hudson particularly rich in piperitenone oxide. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 3(1), 23-26. doi:10.1002/ffj.2730030105Segev, D., Nitzan, N., Chaimovitsh, D., Eshel, A., & Dudai, N. (2012). Chemical and Morphological Diversity in Wild Populations of Mentha longifolia in Israel. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 9(3), 577-588. doi:10.1002/cbdv.201100108Hajlaoui, H., Snoussi, M., Ben Jannet, H., Mighri, Z., & Bakhrouf, A. (2008). Comparison of chemical composition and antimicrobial activities ofMentha longifolia L. ssp.longifolia essential oil from two Tunisian localities (Gabes and Sidi Bouzid). Annals of Microbiology, 58(3), 513-520. doi:10.1007/bf03175551Abdel-Hameed, E.-S. S., Salman, M. S., Fadl, M. A., Elkhateeb, A., & Hassan, M. M. (2018). Chemical Composition and Biological Activity ofMentha longifoliaL. Essential Oil Growing in Taif, KSA Extracted by Hydrodistillation, Solvent Free Microwave and Microwave Hydrodistillation. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 21(1), 1-14. doi:10.1080/0972060x.2018.1454343Zouari-Bouassida, K., Trigui, M., Makni, S., Jlaiel, L., & Tounsi, S. (2018). Seasonal Variation in Essential Oils Composition and the Biological and Pharmaceutical Protective Effects of Mentha longifolia Leaves Grown in Tunisia. BioMed Research International, 2018, 1-12. doi:10.1155/2018/7856517Soilhi, Z., Rhimi, A., Heuskin, S., Fauconnier, M. L., & Mekki, M. (2019). Essential oil chemical diversity of Tunisian Mentha spp. collection. Industrial Crops and Products, 131, 330-340. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.01.041Asghari, B., Zengin, G., Bahadori, M. B., Abbas-Mohammadi, M., & Dinparast, L. (2018). Amylase, glucosidase, tyrosinase, and cholinesterases inhibitory, antioxidant effects, and GC-MS analysis of wild mint (Mentha longifolia var. calliantha) essential oil: A natural remedy. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 22, 44-49. doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2018.08.004Ibrahim, S. R. M., Abdallah, H. M., Mohamed, G. A., Farag, M. A., Alshali, K. Z., Alsherif, E. A., & Ross, S. A. (2016). Volatile oil profile of some lamiaceous plants growing in Saudi Arabia and their biological activities. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 72(1-2), 35-41. doi:10.1515/znc-2015-0234Hussain, A. I., Anwar, F., Nigam, P. S., Ashraf, M., & Gilani, A. H. (2010). Seasonal variation in content, chemical composition and antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of essential oils from four Mentha species. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 90(11), 1827-1836. doi:10.1002/jsfa.4021Baser, K. H. C., Kürkçüoglu, M., Tarimcilar, G., & Kaynak, G. (1999). Essential Oils ofMenthaSpecies from Northern Turkey. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 11(5), 579-588. doi:10.1080/10412905.1999.9701218Kokkini, S., & Papageorgiou, V. (1988). Constituents of Essential Oils fromMentha longifoliaGrowing Wild in Greece. Planta Medica, 54(01), 59-60. doi:10.1055/s-2006-962338De Frutos, M., Sanz, J., & Martínez-Castro, I. (1988). Simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE) method in the qualitative and quantitative GC analysis of cheese volatile components. Chromatographia, 25(10), 861-864. doi:10.1007/bf02311418Croteau, R. (1991). Metabolism of Monoterpenes in Mint (Mentha) Species. Planta Medica, 57(S 1), S10-S14. doi:10.1055/s-2006-96022

Variability of essential oil composition of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.) affected byplant organ

The essential oil composition of leaves and roots of twenty individuals of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.) belonging to different chemotypes has been investigated. They were obtained from two accesions coming from Hungarian and Spanish wild populations. Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS and GC/FID. Results showed a great individual variability of wormwood accesions. Based on leaves, three chemotypes (sabinene + myrcene, -thujone and new sesquiterpene type accounting up to 80.8% of sesquiterpenic fraction) were found in the Hungarian population and two chemotypes ((Z)--epoxyocimene and (Z)--epoxyocimene + (Z)-chrysanthemyl acetate types) were present in the Spanish one. The composition of EO of the roots from both locations was predominated by monoterpenic esters (14.5-80.2% and 59.9-90.3%, in Hungarian and Spanish samples respectively) but characteristic quantitative and qualitative differences were present. No relationship was found between the composition of EO of roots and leaves of the same plant.Llorens Molina, JA.; Vacas González, S.; Castell Zeising, V.; Németh Zámboriné, É. (2016). Variability of essential oil composition of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.) affected byplant organ. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 29(1):11-21. doi:10.1080/10412905.2016.1202152S112129

Efecto de la energía microondas sobre la calidad de cuatro variedades españolas de arroz [ES]

A microwave system can be used as an alternative method to methyl bromide to control rice storage pests. Four rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) grown in Spain (‘Bomba’, ‘Senia’, ‘Puntal’ and ‘Thainato’) were irradiated with three levels of microwave energy (0, 70 and 100 J g–1). Rice quality attributes were analysed to establish hypothetical quality changes in order to use microwave energy as an alternative method to control pests. Results of the factorial analysis showed that the analysed attributes differed more within varieties than among microwave treatments of the varieties, except for ‘Thainato’ which, after applying microwave energy of 100 J g–1, presented a different adhesiveness from the other two treatments determined by factor 1 and ‘Puntal’ treated with microwaves presented a different water uptake and loss of solids in cooking water determined by factor 3 than the control. The increase in hardness and decrease in adhesiveness as a consequence of the microwave treatment could possibly damage rice quality. This aspect must be taken into account with this method. In conclusion, microwave energy can be used as an alternative method of insect control because it does not seriously affect rice quality. Microwave treatments did not leave undesirable residues and could be as effective at controlling insect infestation as any procedure currently available.This research was co-financed by MCYT and FEDER No. 1FD1997-2235-C03-03.Peer reviewe

Evaluating the Antifungal Potential of Botanical Compounds to Contrl Botryotinia fuckeliana and Rhizoctonia solani

[EN] The European Union is promoting regulatory changes to ban fungicides because of the impact their use has on the ecosystem and the adverse effects they can pose for humans. An ecofriendly alternative to these chemicals to fight against fungal species with low toxicity is essential oils and their compounds extracted from aromatic plants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antifungal capacity of the botanical compounds eugenol, carvacrol, thymol, and cinnamaldehyde, and the synergy or antagonism of their mixtures, against Botryotinia fuckeliana and Rhizoctonia solani. Different bioassays were performed at doses of 300, 200, 150, and 100 mu g/mL using pure commercial compounds and their combination in potato dextrose agar culture medium. Growth rate and the mycelium growth inhibition parameters were calculated. Phenolic compounds and their combination inhibited the development of species at the different concentrations, with fungicidal or fungistatic activity shown under almost all the tested conditions. When comparing the growth rates of the species in the control plates and treatments, the statistical analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences. The mixture of compounds improved fungicidal activity against the studied species and at a lower concentration of monoterpenes.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Programme-oriented Societal Challenges 2016-2019, grant number AGL2016-76699-R-AR.Sempere-Ferre, F.; Asamar, J.; Castell-Zeising, V.; Rosello Caselles, J.; Santamarina Siurana, MP. (2021). Evaluating the Antifungal Potential of Botanical Compounds to Contrl Botryotinia fuckeliana and Rhizoctonia solani. Molecules. 26(9):1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092472S11326

Main root adaptations in Pepper germplasm (Capsicum spp.) to phosphorus low-input conditions

[EN] Agriculture will face many challenges regarding food security and sustainability. Improving phosphorus use efficiency is of paramount importance to face the needs of a growing population while decreasing the toll on the environment. Pepper (Capsicumspp.) is widely cultivated around the world; hence, any breakthrough in this field would have a major impact in agricultural systems. Herein, the response to phosphorus low-input conditions is reported for 25 pepper accessions regarding phosphorus use efficiency, biomass and root traits. Results suggest a differential response from different plant organs to phosphorus starvation. Roots presented the lowest phosphorus levels, possibly due to mobilizations towards above-ground organs. Accessions showed a wide range of variability regarding efficiency parameters, offering the possibility of selecting materials for different inputs. Accessions bol_144 and fra_DLL showed an interesting phosphorus efficiency ratio under low-input conditions, whereas mex_scm and sp_piq showed high phosphorus uptake efficiency and mex_pas and sp_bola the highest values for phosphorus use efficiency. Phosphorus low-input conditions favored root instead of aerial growth, enabling increases of root total length, proportion of root length dedicated to fine roots and root specific length while decreasing roots' average diameter. Positive correlation was found between fine roots and phosphorus efficiency parameters, reinforcing the importance of this adaptation to biomass yield under low-input conditions. This work provides relevant first insights into pepper's response to phosphorus low-input conditions.This research was funded by FEDER-Funds and INIA, grant number RTA2013-00022-C02-02. The APC was self-funded.Pereira-Días, L.; Gil-Villar, D.; Castell-Zeising, V.; Quiñones, A.; Calatayud, Á.; Rodríguez Burruezo, A.; Fita, A. (2020). Main root adaptations in Pepper germplasm (Capsicum spp.) to phosphorus low-input conditions. Agronomy. 10(5):1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050637S120105Jaggard, K. W., Qi, A., & Ober, E. S. (2010). Possible changes to arable crop yields by 2050. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 365(1554), 2835-2851. doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0153Grafton, R. Q., Daugbjerg, C., & Qureshi, M. E. (2015). Towards food security by 2050. Food Security, 7(2), 179-183. doi:10.1007/s12571-015-0445-xTilman, D., Cassman, K. G., Matson, P. A., Naylor, R., & Polasky, S. (2002). Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices. Nature, 418(6898), 671-677. doi:10.1038/nature01014Tsiafouli, M. A., Thébault, E., Sgardelis, S. P., de Ruiter, P. C., van der Putten, W. H., Birkhofer, K., … Hedlund, K. (2014). Intensive agriculture reduces soil biodiversity across Europe. Global Change Biology, 21(2), 973-985. doi:10.1111/gcb.12752Raza, A., Razzaq, A., Mehmood, S., Zou, X., Zhang, X., Lv, Y., & Xu, J. (2019). Impact of Climate Change on Crops Adaptation and Strategies to Tackle Its Outcome: A Review. Plants, 8(2), 34. doi:10.3390/plants8020034Vance, C. P., Uhde‐Stone, C., & Allan, D. L. (2003). Phosphorus acquisition and use: critical adaptations by plants for securing a nonrenewable resource. New Phytologist, 157(3), 423-447. doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00695.xCordell, D., Drangert, J.-O., & White, S. (2009). The story of phosphorus: Global food security and food for thought. Global Environmental Change, 19(2), 292-305. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.10.009Mogollón, J. M., Beusen, A. H. W., van Grinsven, H. J. ., Westhoek, H., & Bouwman, A. F. (2018). Future agricultural phosphorus demand according to the shared socioeconomic pathways. Global Environmental Change, 50, 149-163. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.03.007Lynch, J. P. (2007). Roots of the Second Green Revolution. Australian Journal of Botany, 55(5), 493. doi:10.1071/bt06118Fernandez, M. C., & Rubio, G. (2015). Root morphological traits related to phosphorus-uptake efficiency of soybean, sunflower, and maize. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 178(5), 807-815. doi:10.1002/jpln.201500155Fita, A., Bowen, H. C., Hayden, R. M., Nuez, F., Picó, B., & Hammond, J. P. (2012). Diversity in Expression of Phosphorus (P) Responsive Genes in Cucumis melo L. PLoS ONE, 7(4), e35387. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035387Li, J., Xie, Y., Dai, A., Liu, L., & Li, Z. (2009). Root and shoot traits responses to phosphorus deficiency and QTL analysis at seedling stage using introgression lines of rice. Journal of Genetics and Genomics, 36(3), 173-183. doi:10.1016/s1673-8527(08)60104-6Hammond, J. P., Broadley, M. R., White, P. J., King, G. J., Bowen, H. C., Hayden, R., … Greenwood, D. J. (2009). Shoot yield drives phosphorus use efficiency in Brassica oleracea and correlates with root architecture traits. Journal of Experimental Botany, 60(7), 1953-1968. doi:10.1093/jxb/erp083Lynch, J. P., & Brown, K. M. (2001). Plant and Soil, 237(2), 225-237. doi:10.1023/a:1013324727040Niu, Y. F., Chai, R. S., Jin, G. L., Wang, H., Tang, C. X., & Zhang, Y. S. (2012). Responses of root architecture development to low phosphorus availability: a review. Annals of Botany, 112(2), 391-408. doi:10.1093/aob/mcs285Fita, A., Nuez, F., & Picó, B. (2011). Diversity in root architecture and response to P deficiency in seedlings of Cucumis melo L. Euphytica, 181(3), 323-339. doi:10.1007/s10681-011-0432-zFan, M., Zhu, J., Richards, C., Brown, K. M., & Lynch, J. P. (2003). Physiological roles for aerenchyma in phosphorus-stressed roots. Functional Plant Biology, 30(5), 493. doi:10.1071/fp03046Richardson, A. E., Lynch, J. P., Ryan, P. R., Delhaize, E., Smith, F. A., Smith, S. E., … Simpson, R. J. (2011). Plant and microbial strategies to improve the phosphorus efficiency of agriculture. Plant and Soil, 349(1-2), 121-156. doi:10.1007/s11104-011-0950-4Van de Wiel, C. C. M., van der Linden, C. G., & Scholten, O. E. (2015). Improving phosphorus use efficiency in agriculture: opportunities for breeding. Euphytica, 207(1), 1-22. doi:10.1007/s10681-015-1572-3Sahitya, U. L., Krishna, M. S. R., & Suneetha, P. (2019). Integrated approaches to study the drought tolerance mechanism in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 25(3), 637-647. doi:10.1007/s12298-019-00655-7Hwang, E.-W., Kim, K.-A., Park, S.-C., Jeong, M.-J., Byun, M.-O., & Kwon, H.-B. (2005). Expression profiles of hot pepper (capsicum annuum) genes under cold stress conditions. Journal of Biosciences, 30(5), 657-667. doi:10.1007/bf02703566Jing, H., Li, C., Ma, F., Ma, J.-H., Khan, A., Wang, X., … Chen, R.-G. (2016). Genome-Wide Identification, Expression Diversication of Dehydrin Gene Family and Characterization of CaDHN3 in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). PLOS ONE, 11(8), e0161073. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161073Pereira-Dias, L., Vilanova, S., Fita, A., Prohens, J., & Rodríguez-Burruezo, A. (2019). Genetic diversity, population structure, and relationships in a collection of pepper (Capsicum spp.) landraces from the Spanish centre of diversity revealed by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Horticulture Research, 6(1). doi:10.1038/s41438-019-0132-8Fita, A., Picó, B., Roig, C., & Nuez, F. (2007). Performance ofCucumis melossp.agrestisas a rootstock for melon. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 82(2), 184-190. doi:10.1080/14620316.2007.11512218Bouain, N., Shahzad, Z., Rouached, A., Khan, G. A., Berthomieu, P., Abdelly, C., … Rouached, H. (2014). Phosphate and zinc transport and signalling in plants: toward a better understanding of their homeostasis interaction. Journal of Experimental Botany, 65(20), 5725-5741. doi:10.1093/jxb/eru314Ham, B.-K., Chen, J., Yan, Y., & Lucas, W. J. (2018). Insights into plant phosphate sensing and signaling. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 49, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2017.07.005Rose, T. J., Pariasca-Tanaka, J., Rose, M. T., Fukuta, Y., & Wissuwa, M. (2010). Genotypic variation in grain phosphorus concentration, and opportunities to improve P-use efficiency in rice. Field Crops Research, 119(1), 154-160. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2010.07.004Bryant, R. J., Dorsch, J. A., Peterson, K. L., Rutger, J. N., & Raboy, V. (2005). Phosphorus and Mineral Concentrations in Whole Grain and Milled Low Phytic Acid (lpa) 1-1 Rice. Cereal Chemistry Journal, 82(5), 517-522. doi:10.1094/cc-82-0517Akhtar, M. S., Oki, Y., & Adachi, T. (2008). Genetic Variability in Phosphorus Acquisition and Utilization Efficiency from Sparingly Soluble P-Sources byBrassicaCultivars under P-Stress Environment. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 194(5), 380-392. doi:10.1111/j.1439-037x.2008.00326.xHu, Y., Ye, X., Shi, L., Duan, H., & Xu, F. (2010). GENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN ROOT MORPHOLOGY AND PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE KINETICS INBRASSICA NAPUSUNDER LOW PHOSPHORUS SUPPLY. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 33(6), 889-901. doi:10.1080/01904161003658239Bates, T. R., & Lynch, J. P. (2001). Plant and Soil, 236(2), 243-250. doi:10.1023/a:1012791706800Strock, C. F., Morrow de la Riva, L., & Lynch, J. P. (2017). Reduction in Root Secondary Growth as a Strategy for Phosphorus Acquisition. Plant Physiology, 176(1), 691-703. doi:10.1104/pp.17.01583López-Bucio, J., Cruz-Ramı́rez, A., & Herrera-Estrella, L. (2003). The role of nutrient availability in regulating root architecture. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 6(3), 280-287. doi:10.1016/s1369-5266(03)00035-9Miguel, M. A., Postma, J. A., & Lynch, J. P. (2015). Phene Synergism between Root Hair Length and Basal Root Growth Angle for Phosphorus Acquisition. Plant Physiology, 167(4), 1430-1439. doi:10.1104/pp.15.0014

Different Root Morphological Responses to Phosphorus Supplies in Grafted Pepper

Grafting technique is increasing thanks to its potential to produce plants more efficient and tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses. Likewise, there is a growing interest in reducing inputs of fertilizers. The development of rootstocks suitable for low input agriculture is conditioned to the understanding of the changes on the root when facing such stresses. Our aim was to evaluate the morphological root response to Phosphorus (P) starvation of a rootstock selected for its good performance under low P conditions. Adige was grafted onto the selected rootstock and grown hydroponically in two different P concentrations, the selft-graft was done as control. Plants were then collected and analysed. Results showed that despite the differences in terms of P concentration among treatment the stress was not enough to cause a great biomass loss. However, there is evidence that individuals showed different root adaptations, modifiying root length, mass and volume, etc, under stress conditions, having the selected rootstock higher root length and volume under low P nutrient solutio

Los aceites esenciales de las plantas en la sostenibilidad medioambiental. Propuestas para la innovación educativa

[ES] Dentro de la investigación en el ámbito agroalimentario, existe un creciente interés por la aplicación de productos naturales cuya actividad biológica: antibacteriana, antifúngica, herbicida, etc. como alternativa más adecuada desde una perspectiva medioambiental a los productos de síntesis química utilizados habitualmente. Ello ha de proyectarse desde el punto de vista docente en la introducción de actividades educativas que contribuyan a fomentar una mayor sensibilidad en torno a todos los valores relacionados con la sostenibilidad y el respeto al medio ambiente.Entre los citados productos naturales ocupan un lugar destacado los aceites esenciales obtenidos de plantas aromáticas, tan características de nuestro entorno mediterráneo. Por otra parte, muchos aspectos de su obtención y de la experimentación de su actividad biológica son susceptibles de un tratamiento didáctico relativamente asequible, pudiendo constituir el eje de tareas educativas innovadoras.En este trabajo se presentan algunas propuestas concretas relacionadas con la introducción al conocimiento de las plantas aromáticas y medicinales, la obtención y caracterización química de los aceites esenciales, así como dos ejemplos de su actividad biológica: antifúngica e inhibidora de la germinación.Llorens Molina, JA.; Santamarina Siurana, MP.; Verdeguer Sancho, MM.; Rosello Caselles, J.; Vacas González, S.; Castell Zeising, V. (2019). Los aceites esenciales de las plantas en la sostenibilidad medioambiental. Propuestas para la innovación educativa. En INNODOCT/18. International Conference on Innovation, Documentation and Education. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 671-681. https://doi.org/10.4995/INN2018.2018.8828OCS67168

Alternativas y Rotaciones

Definición de conceptos y ejemplos acerca de las alternativas y rotaciones de cultivos, justificación de la rotaciónhttps://polimedia.upv.es/visor/?id=45ce3467-6ca7-8740-acb3-2b931143c73cCastell Zeising, V. (2009). Alternativas y Rotaciones. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/565