Variedades de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) como isca na armadilha cnpmf e proposição de índice bad para monitoramento da broca da haste da mandioca Sternocoelus spp.

O gênero Sternocoelus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) tem se destacado pelos danos causados em cultivos familiares e comerciais de mandioca na região Nordeste e em outras regiões do país. As brocas da haste da mandioca, embora sejam consideradas pragas secundárias, se constituem em problema fitossanitário em algumas áreas produtoras (RODRIGUEZ et al. 2009)

Controle biológico da cochonilha do abacaxi Dysmicoccus brevipes pelo uso do fungo entomopatogênico Beauveria bassiana.

A cochonilha Dysmicoccus brevipes (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) se constitui em importante problema fitossanitário da abacaxicultura, pois está associada à murcha do abacaxi. No controle da praga, utilizam-se inseticidas químicos que apresentam riscos ambientais e de segurança do alimento

When firms go international: Deliberate or random?

The Net Outward Investment Position (NOIP) indicator is insufficient for the purposes of understanding firms’ internationalization decision-making behaviour. The indicator does not allow for the withdrawal of insights into the structure of an economy, and is a weak predictor of the degree of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). We argue that a typology of firms aggregated according to intrinsic characteristics of those firms is a better predictor of the degree of internationalization of an economy than the NOIP. We use a database of 2133 firms based in Portugal that are already internationalized, made available in AICEP, a government agency. We use multiple correspondence and cluster analyses to build a typology of firms, and obtain evidence of common characteristics of the constituent groups. We identify a typology of firms characterized by five types differentiated by firm age, length of internationalization process, sector of economic activity, legal status, and psychological/cultural proximity. These variables suggest an evolutionary, iterative, self-learning approach to internationalization, which can be better explained by the combined use of the Investment Development Path (IDP) framework, the Uppsala Evolutionary School, and Vernon´s Product Life Cycle theory. Additionally, we find that the most striking differences between developed and developing host countries are in terms of the economic sector, legal status of the firm, and belonging (or not) to an economic group. We establish a link between the IDP framework, the Uppsala Evolutionary school, and Vernon´s Product Life Cycle theory, using a categorization of firms made according to selected characteristics to understand the internationalization of firms.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio