Ontogeny And Structure Of The Pericarp And The Seed Coat Of Miconia Albicans (sw.) Triana (melastomataceae) From "cerrado", Brazil

Miconia albicans fruit and seed coat ontogeny were described under light microscope. The samples were fixed in formalin-aceto-alcohol (FAA), neutral-buffered formaldehyde solution (NBF) and formalin-ferrous sulphate (FFS) solutions, embedded in plastic resin, sectioned at 10 μm and stained with Toluidine Blue. Specific dyes and/or reagents were used for the microchemical tests. The ovary is semi-inferior and the indehiscent, fleshy globose berries are originated mainly from the development of the inferior portion of the ovary. The immature pericarp is mainly parenchymatous with some sclereids, druse crystal and phenolic-like compounds idioblasts widespread in the mesocarp. In the mature pericarp, the endocarp cells are often collapsed, the mesocarp is thick with cells more or less turgid, and the sclereids, the druses and the phenolic-like compound idioblasts are almost absent. The ovules are anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucellate, and the zig-zag micropyle is formed by both the exostome and the endostome. The mature seed is pyramidal-elongated in shape, exalbuminous and testal. The raphal part occupies about 40% of the seed coat total length and had the mechanical layer derived from its inner layer. The antiraphal side is non-multiplicative and the exotesta, mesotesta and endotesta are differentiated into a sclerotic layer, with the exotesta being the mechanical one. The tegmen is absent.3117179APG II, An update of APG classification for the orders and families of flowering plants (2003) Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 141, pp. 399-436BAAS, P., A note on stomatal types and crystals in the leaves of Melastomataceae (1981) Blumea, 27, pp. 475-479BUVAT, R., (1989) Ontogeny, cell diferentiation, and structure of vascular plants, , Springer-Verlag, BerlinCLAUSING, G., MEYER, K., RENNER, S.S., Correlations among fruit traits and evolution of different fruits within Melastomataceae (2000) Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 133, pp. 303-326CLAUSING, G., RENNER, S.S., Molecular phylogenetics of Melastomataceae and Memecylaceae: Implications for character evolution (2001) American Journal of Botany, 88, pp. 486-498CORNER, E.J.H., (1976) The seeds of dicotyledons, , Cambridge University Press, CambridgeGABE, M., (1968) Techniques histologiques, , Masson and Cie, ParisGALETTI, M., PEDRONI, F., Diet of capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) in a semideciduous forest in south-east Brazil (1994) Journal of Tropical Ecology, 10, pp. 27-39GERRITS, P.O., SMID, L., A new, less toxic polymerization system for the embedding of soft tissues in glycol methacrylate and subsequent preparing of serial sections (1983) Journal of Microscopy (Oxford), 132, pp. 81-85GOLDENBERG, R., O gênero Miconia (Melastomataceae) no Estado do Paraná, Brasil. (2004) Acta Botanica Brasilica, 18, pp. 927-947GRIDI-PAPP, C.O., GRIDI-PAPP, M., SILVA, W.R., Differential fruit consumption of two Melastomataceae by birds in Serra da Mantiqueira, southeastern Brazil (2004) Ararajuba, 12, pp. 7-13GROENENDIJK, J.P., BOUMAN, F., CLEEF, A.M., An exploratory study on seed morphology of Miconia Ruiz & Pavón (Melastomataceae), with taxonomic and ecological implications (1996) Acta Botanica Neerlandica, 45, pp. 323-344ILARSLAN, H., PALMER, R.G., IMSANDE, J., HORNER, H.T., Quantitative determination of calcium oxalate and oxalate in developing seeds of soybean (Leguminosae) (1997) American Journal of Botany, 84, pp. 1042-1046JOHANSEN, D.A., (1940) Plant mycrotechnique, , McGraw-Hill Book Company, New YorkJENSEN, W.A., (1962) Botanical histochemistry: Principles and practice, , W.H. Freeman & Co, San FranciscoJUDD, W.S., CAMPBELL, C.S., KELLOGG, E.A., STEVENS, P.F., (1999) Plant systematics: A phylogenetic approach, , Sinauer Associates, MassachusettsLILLIE, R.D., (1954) Histopathologic technic and practical histochemistry, , The Blakiston Division, McGraw-Hill Company, New YorkMAGNUSSON, W.E., SANAIOTTI, T.M., Dispersal of Miconia seeds by the rat Bolomys lasiurus (1987) Journal of Tropical Ecology, 3, pp. 277-278MICHELANGELI, F.A., A cladistic analysis of the genus Tococa (Melastomataceae) based on morphological data (2000) Systematic Botany, 25, pp. 211-234MOLANO-FLORES, B., Herbivory and calcium concentrations affect calcium oxalate crystal formation in Leaves of Sida (Malvaceae) (2001) Annals of Botany, 88, pp. 387-391O'BRIEN, T.P., FEDER, N., MCCULLY, M.E., Polychromatic staining of plant cell wall by toluidine blue (1964) Protoplasma, 59, pp. 368-373PAIVA, E.A.S., MACHADO, S.R., Intermediary cells in Peltodon radicans (Lamiaceae): Possible role in the transfer of calcium and formation of calcium oxalate crystals (2005) Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 48, pp. 147-153PEARSE, A.G.E., (1980) Histochemistry: Theoretical and applied, 2. , 4 th ed, v, Churchill Livingstone, EdinburghPIJL, L.V.D., (1972) Principles of dispersal in higher plants, , 2 nd ed, Springer-Verlag, New YorkPINHEIRO, F. & RIBEIRO, J.F. 2001. Síndromes de dispersão de sementes em Matas de Galeria do Distrito Federal. In Cerrado: caracterização e recuperação de Matas de Galeria. (J.F. Ribeiro, C.E.L. da Fonseca & J.C. Sousa-Filho, eds.). Embrapa Cerrados, Brasília, p.335-378POMPÉIA, S.L., PRADELLA, D.Z.A., MARTINS, S.E., SANTOS, R.C., DINIZ, K.M., A semeadura aérea na Serra do Mar em Cubatão (1989) Revista Ambiente, 3, pp. 13-19RENNER, S.S., Phylogeny and classification of the Melastomataceae (1993) Nordic Journal of Botany, 13, pp. 519-540ROTH, I., (1977) Fruits of angiosperms, , Gebrüder Borntraeger, BerlinSPJUT, R.W., A Systematic treatment of fruit types (1994) Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden, 70, pp. 1-82STILES, F.G., ROSSELLI, L., Consumption of fruits of the Melastomataceae by birds: How diffuse is coevolution? (1993) Vegetatio, 107-108, pp. 57-73WEBB, M.A., Cell-mediated crystallization of calcium oxalate in plants (1999) The Plant Cell, 11, pp. 751-761WEBB, M.A., Arnott, H.J., A survey of calcium oxalate crystals and other mineral inclusions in seeds (1982) Scanning Electron Microscopy, 3, pp. 1109-1131WELLE, TER, B.J.H., KOEK-NOORMAN, J., Wood anatomy of the neotropical Melastomataceae (1981) Blumea, 27, pp. 335-394WHIFFING, T., TOMB, A.S., The systematic significance of seed morphology in the neotropical capsular-fruited Melastomataceae (1972) American Journal of Botany, 59, pp. 411-42

Pericarp Ontogeny And Histochemistry Of The Exotesta And Pseudocaruncle Of Euphorbia Milii (euphorbiaceae)

Several types of fruit occur in Euphorbiaceae, notably the explosively dehiscent dry fruit, and different seed-coat anatomies with taxonomic importance. This paper aims to describe the pericarp ontogeny and structure in Euphorbia milii Desmoul., and evaluate the presence of the secretory exotesta and caruncle. The fruit is a schizocarp, whose the pericarp development begins with a periclinal division of the inner epidermal cells. The derived cells divide, forming about four layers of obliquely elongated cells. Then, the adjacent parenchyma cells elongate, giving rise to a palisade layer and finally, the cells between this layer and the vascular strands undergo mitosis, originating about four layers of elongated cells perpendicularly to the inner oblique cells. These three zones lignify, while the region between the vascular strands and the exocarp, where idioblasts, hypodermis and laticifers are present do not show significant changes. Before the dehiscence, a lysis of cells of the septa and the desiccation of the fruit occur, which causes contraction of the non-lignified tissues and tension between the lignified zones, promoting rupture of each mericarp from central columella and on the dorsal strand, ejecting the seeds. The seeds have pseudocaruncle and the exotesta secretes mucilage, facilitating their imbibition.623477489Berg, R.Y., Myrmecochorous plants in Australia and their dispersal by ants (1975) Australian Journal of Botany, 23, pp. 475-508Boesewinkel, F.D., Bouman, F., The seed: Structure (1984) Embryology of Angiosperms, pp. 567-610. , Johri, B.M., Springer, BerlinBor, J., Bouman, F., Development of ovule and integuments in Euphorbia milii and Codiaeum variegatum (1974) Phytomorphology, 24, pp. 280-296Cain, A.J., The use of Nile Blue in the examination of lipids (1947) Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 88, pp. 383-392Carlquist, S., The biota of long-distance dispersal. III. Loss of dispersibility in the Hawaiian Flora (1966) Brittonia, 18, pp. 310-335Esser, H., Fruit characters in Malesian Euphorbiaceae (2003) Telopea, 10, pp. 169-177Fahn, A., (1990) Plant Anatomy. 4ed., p. 588. , Pergamon Press, OxfordGabe, M., (1968) Techniques Histologiques, p. 1113. , Masson & Cie, ParisGanter, P., Jollés, G., (1969) Histologie Normale et Pathologique, 2, p. 1904. , Gauthier-Villars, ParisGerlach, D., (1984) Botanische Mikrotechnik: Eine Einführung. 3ed., p. 311. , Georg Thieme, StuttgartGerrits, P.O., (1991) The Application of Glycol Methacrylate in HistotechnologySome Fundamental Principles, p. 80. , Department of Anatomy and Embryology, State University Groningen, GroningenGregory, M., Baas, P., A survey of mucilage cells in vegetative organs of the dicotyledons (1989) Israel Journal of Botany, 38, pp. 125-174High, O.B., (1984) Lipid Histochemistry, p. 68. , Oxford University Press, New YorkHyde, B.B., Mucilage-producing cells in the seed coat of Plantago ovata: Developmental fine structure (1970) American Journal of Botany, 57, pp. 1197-1206Jimenez, M.S., Morales, D., Histología floral y desarrollo del fruto de Euphorbia atropurpurea Brouss (1978) Vieraea, 8, pp. 131-143Johansen, D.A., (1940) Plant Microtechnique, p. 523. , McGraw-Hill, New YorkJordan, M.S., Hayden, W.J., A survey of mucilaginous testa in Chamaesyce (1992) Collectanea Botanica, 21, pp. 79-89Jordan, L.S., Jordan, J.L., Jordan, C.M., Changes induced by water on Euphorbia supina seed coat structures (1985) American Journal of Botany, 72, pp. 1530-1536Kapil, R.N., Bor, J., Bouman, F., Seed appendages in angiosperms. I. Introduction (1980) Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, 101, pp. 555-573Lavialle, P., Delacroix, J., La paroi du pistil et du fruit dans le genre Euphorbia (1922) Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Académie des Sciences, 175, pp. 179-181Lavialle, P., Delacroix, J., Caractères de l'endocarpe dans le genre Euphorbia (1922) Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France, 69, pp. 523-527Lavialle, P., Delacroix, J., Caractères histologiques du péricarpe et déhiscence du fruit chez les Euphorbes (1922) Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France, 69, pp. 585-590Lillie, R.D., (1965) Histopathologic Technic and Practical Histochemistry. 3ed., p. 715. , McGraw-Hill, New YorkLisci, M., Bianchini, M., Pacini, E., Structure and function of the elaiosome in some angiosperm species (1996) Flora, 191 (2), pp. 131-141Lisci, M., Pacini, E., Fruit and seed structural characteristics and seed dispersal in Mercurialis annua L. (Euphorbiaceae) (1997) Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 66, pp. 379-386Liszt, K., Sárkány, S., Kadej, J., Kovács, A., Light and electron microscopic observations in connection with the developing pistil and seedappendix (caruncle) of Ricinus communis L (1981) Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 50, pp. 345-348McManus, J.F.A., Histological and histochemical uses of periodic acid (1948) Stain Technology, 23, pp. 99-108Muzik, T.J., Development of fruit, seed, embryo, and seedling of Hevea brasiliensis (1954) American Journal of Botany, 41, pp. 39-43Narbona, E., Arista, M., Ortiz, P.L., Explosive seed dispersal in two perennial Mediterranean Euphorbia species (Euphorbiaceae) (2005) American Journal of Botany, 92 (3), pp. 510-516O'brien, T.P., Feder, N., McCully, M.E., Polychromatic staining of plant cell walls by toluidine blue O (1964) Protoplasma, 59, pp. 368-373Oliveira, J.H.G., Oliveira, D.M.T., Morfoanatomia e ontogênese do pericarpo de Manihot caerulescens Pohl e M. tripartita Müll.Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) (2009) Revista Brasileira de Botânica, 32, pp. 117-129Pearse, A.G.E., (1985) Histochemistry: Theoretical and Applied. 4ed., 2, p. 624. , C. Livingstone, EdinburghPizzolato, T.D., Staining of Tilia mucilages with Mayer's tannic acid- ferric chloride (1977) Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 104, pp. 277-279Du Sablon, L., Recherches sur la déhiscence des fruits a péricarpe sec. Annales des Sciences Naturelles (1884) Botanique et Biologie Vegetale, 18, pp. 5-104Simon, J., Molero, J., Blanché, C., Fruit and seed morphology of Euphorbia aggr. flavicoma. Taxonomic implications (1992) Collectanea Botanica, 21, pp. 211-242Singh, R.P., Structure and development of seeds in Euphorbia helioscopia (1969) Botanical Magazine Tokyo, 82, pp. 287-293Subils, R., Las especies de Euphorbia de la Republica Argentina (1977) Kurtziana, 10, pp. 83-248Tokuoka, T., Tobe, H., Ovules and seeds in Euphorbioideae (Euphorbiaceae): Structure and systematic implications (2002) Journal of Plant Research, 115, pp. 361-374Toledo, A.P., Anatomia e desenvolvimento ontogenético do fruto e da semente de mandioca (1963) Bragantia, 22, pp. 71-76Webster, G.L., Classification of the Euphorbiaceae (1994) Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 81, pp. 3-32Werker, E., (1997) Seed Anatomy (Handbuch der PflanzenanatomieBd. 10, Teil 3), p. 424. , Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berli

Pericarp Ontogeny And Structure Of Prestonia Riedelii (müll. Arg.) Markgr. (apocynaceae) [ontogenia E Estrutura Do Pericarpo De Prestonia Riedelii (müll. Arg.) Markgr. (apocynaceae)]

The aim of this work was to describe the morphology and ontogeny of P. riedelii fruits to aid in taxonomic, ecological and phylogenetic studies in Apocynaceae. Fruits were fixed in FAA, embedded in plastic resin, sectioned at 10 ìm and stained with toluidine blue, for structural analysis. The fruit of P. riedelii is a follicarium, with two follicular fruitlets. The epicarp is one-cell-layered, with trichomes and thick cuticle. The mesocarp, originating from fundamental ovary tissue, is parenchymatous with laticifers, non-lignified fibers and vascular bundles. The endocarp sensu lato is two-cell-layered of crossed sclereids, originating from the inner ovary epidermis and from a single layer of parenchyma cells of fundamental ovary tissue. Follicle dehiscence is lateral and the dehiscence process involves anatomical characteristics such as a dehiscence zone with thin-walled cells, non-lignified fibers in the mesocarp and crossed sclereids in the endocarp.233729737Barroso, G.M., Morim, M.P., Peixoto, A.L., Ichaso, C.L.F., (1999) Frutos E Sementes: Morfologia Aplicada À Sistemática De Dicotiledôneas, , Viçosa, Imprensa Universitária (UFVBobrov, A.V.F.C., Endres, P.K., Melikian, A.P., Romanov, M.S., Sorokin, A.N., Bejerano, A.P., Fruit structure of Amborella trichopoda (Amborellaceae) (2005) Botanical Journal of The Linnean Society, 148, pp. 265-274Castro, M.A., Anatomia del fruto de Araujia horotorum (1986) E. Fourn. (asclepiadaceae). Parodiana, 4, pp. 195-203Cronquist, A., (1981) An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants, , New York, Columbia University PressDave, Y., Kuriachen, P.M., Structure and development of stomata on the fruit wall of Calotropis procera (Arr.) R. BR (1987) Proceedings of The Indian Academy of Sciences (plant Sciences), 97, pp. 449-456Dave, Y., Kuriachen, P.M., Structure and development of the follicle of Asclepias curassavica L. (Asclepiadaceae) with note on dehiscence (1990) Beitrage Zur Biologie Der Pflanzen, 65, pp. 109-122Dave, Y., Kuriachen, P.M., Comparative anatomical characters of Periplocaceae follicles and their taxonomic significance (1991) Feddes Repertorium, 102, pp. 63-68Demarco, D., Kinoshita, L.S., Castro, M.M., Laticíferos articulados anastomosados - novos registros para Apocynaceae (2006) Revista Brasileira De Botânica, 29, pp. 133-144Desvaux, N.A., Essai sur less differens genres de fruits des plantes phanerogames (1813) Journal De Botanique, Apliquée À La Agriculture, À La Pharmacie, À La Médecine Et Aux Arts, 2, pp. 161-183Dumortier, B.C., (1835) Essai Carpographique Présentant Une Nouvelle Classification Des Fruits, , Bruxelles, Imprimeur de I' Académie RoyaleEndress, M.E., Bruyns, P.V., A revised classification of the Apocynaceae s.1 (2000) The Botanical Review, 66, pp. 1-56Esau, K., (1965) Plant Anatomy, , 2nd ed. Tokyo, Toppan Company LtdEvert, R.F., (2006) Esau's Plant Anatomy, , New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons, IncFahn, A., Zohary, M., On the pericarpial structure of legumen, its evolution and relation to dehiscence (1955) Phytomorphology, 5, pp. 99-111Fahn, A., (1979) Secretory Tissues In Plants, , London, Academic PressFahn, A., (1990) Plant Anatomy, , Oxford, Pergamon PressFarrel, B.D., Dussourd, D.E., Mitter, C., Escalation of plant defense: Do latex/resin canals spur plant diversification? (1991) American Naturalist, 138, pp. 881-900Gaertner, J., (1788) De Fructibus Et Seminibus Plantarum, , Typis Academiae Carolinae, StuttgartGerrits, P.O., Smid, L., A new, less toxic polymerization system for the embedding of soft tissues in glycol methacrylate and subsequent preparing of serial sections (1983) Journal of Microscopy, 132, pp. 81-85Gupta, V., Lamba, L.C., Sclereids in the endocarp of Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth ex Kurz (1981) Proceedings of The Indian Academy of Sciences - Plant Sciences, 90, pp. 79-84Hunter, J.R., Reconsidering the functions of latex (1994) Tree, 9, pp. 1-5Hutchinson, J., (1969) Evolution and Phylogeny of Flowering Plants, , London, Academic PressJensen, W.A., (1962) Botanical Histochemistry, , San Francisco, W.H. Freeman and CompanyJohansen, D.A., (1940) Plant Microtechnique, , New York, McGraw-Hill Book CompanyJudd, W.S., Campbell, C.S., Kellogg, E.A., Stevens, P.F., (2002) Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach, , Sunderland, Sinauer Associates Inc. PublishersKinoshita, L.S., Apocynaceae (2005) Flora Fanerogâmica Do Estado De São Paulo, 4, pp. 35-91. , (coord.)., In: M.G.L. WanderleyG.J. ShepherdT.S. Melhem & A.M. Giulietti (orgs.)., São Paulo, FAPESP/HUCITECKuriachen, P.M., Dave, Y., Structure and development of fruit wall ornamentations in Pergularia daemia (Forsk.) Chiov (Asclepiadaceae) (1989) Proceedings of The Indian Academy of Sciences (plant Sciences), 99, pp. 15-20Kuriachen, P.M., Dave, Y., Thomas, V., Development, structure and dehiscence of follicles of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R (1991) Br. (asclepiadaceae). Korean Journal of Botany, 34, pp. 107-112Kuriachen, P.M., Thomas, V., Dave, Y., Morphohistogenic studies in the follicle of Tylophora dalzellii HK (1990) F. Phytomorphology, 40, pp. 349-347Kuriachen, P.M., Thomas, V., Dave, Y., Taxonomic and phylogenetic significance of fruit walls in Asclepiadaceae (1992) Feeds Repertorium, 103, pp. 179-193Kuriachen, P.M., Thomas, V., Dave, Y., Ultrastructural studies of the ovary wall and pericarp of Asclepias curassavica L (1993) Ii. Mesocarp Development. Feddes Repertorium, 104, pp. 227-235Lindley, J., (1832) An Introduction to Botany, , London, Longman, Brouwn, Green & LongmanLinnaeus, C., (1751) Philosophia Botanica, , Godofr Kiesewetter, StockholmLinnaeus, C., (1759) Systema Naturae Ii, , Laurentii Salvii, HolmiaeMahran, G.H., Saber, A.H.L., Rizkallah, M.M., Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. IV. The fruits, its macro - and micromorphology (1967) Journal of Pharmacological Sciences of United Arab Republic, 9, pp. 81-100Mirbel, C.F., Nouvelle classification des fruits (1813) Nouveau Bulletin Des Sciences/ Par La Société Philomatique De Paris, 3, pp. 313-319O'Brien, T.P., Feder, N., Mc Cully, M.E., Polychromatic staining of plant cell walls by toluidine blue O (1964) Protoplasma, 59, pp. 368-373Pearse, A.G.E., (1980) Histochemistry Theoretical and Applied, 2. , 4th ed. Longman Group LimitedPotgieter, K., Albert, V.A., Phylogenetic relationships within Apocynaceae s.l. based on trnL intron and trnL - F spacer sequences and propagule characters (2001) Annals of Missouri Botanical Garden, 88, pp. 523-549Rio, M.C.S., Kinoshita, L.S., Prestonia (Apocynaceae) do Sul e Sudeste do Brasil (2005) Hoehnea, 32, pp. 233-258Roth, I., (1977) Fruits of Angiosperms: Encyclopedia of Plant Anatomy, , Berlin, Gebrüder BorntraegerSouza, L.A., (2006) Anatomia Do Fruto E Da Semente, , Ponta Grossa, UEPGSouza, L.A., Iawazaki, M.C., Oliveira, R.C., Morfologia do fruto e da semente em desenvolvimento de Asclepias curassavica L. (Asclepiadaceae) (2004) Insula, 33, pp. 39-49Souza, L.A., Moscheta, I.S., Morfo-anatomia do fruto e da plântula de Aspidosperma polyneuron M (1992) Arg. (apocynaceae). Revista Brasileira De Biologia, 52, pp. 439-447Spjut, R.W., A systematic treatment of fruit types (1994) Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden, 70, pp. 1-82Thomas, V., Dave, Y., Structure and development of follicles of Nerium indicum Mill. (Apocynaceae) (1991) Feddes Repertorium, 102, pp. 399-407Thomas, V., Dave, Y., Significance of follicle anatomy of Apocynaceae (1994) Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 63, pp. 9-20von Teichman, I., van Wyk, A.E., Trends in the evolution of dicotyledonous seeds based on character associations, with special reference to pachycalazy and recalcitrance (1991) Botanical Journal of The Linnean Society, 105, pp. 211-237Wardrop, A.B., The opening mechanism of follicles of some species of Banksia (1983) Australian Journal of Botany, 31, pp. 485-500Zala, J.V., Patel, N.D., Dave, Y.S., Structure of the developing and dry pericarp of Catharanthus roseus (Apocynaceae) (1976) Flora, 165, pp. 335-36

Morphoanatomy Of The Flower Of Syagrus Inajai (spruce) Becc. (arecaceae- Arecoideae- Attaleinae), Amazon [morfoanatomia Floral De Syagrus Inajai (spruce) Becc. (arecaceae- Arecoideae- Attaleinae), Amazônia]

The occurrence of Syagrus inajai (Spruce) Becc., popularly known as pupunha palm, among other names, has been registered in the Guianas and in the North of Brazil in areas of terra firme (non-flooding) and gallery forests. In order to characterize the inflorescence and further knowledge of this family, a morphoanatomical study was carried out of the palm S. inajai in a green area of the Campus of the Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, Amazonas. The inflorescences are branched to one order, pedunculate, and interfoliar, measuring 62-82 cm in length, with woody bracts with longitudinal grooves on the external surface, and flowers in triads. The number of flowers to each inflorescence varies from 5,904 to 17,316 for staminate flowers, and from 180 to 3,528 for pistillate flowers. Staminate flowers with six anthers and one vascular bundle each; three-lobed pistillodium, vascularized pistillodium. Its pistillate flowers have six staminodia joined to form a circle, syncarpic, tricarpellary, trilocular gynoecium, one ovule to each locule, synascidiate in the ovary, and plicated above. Tripartite stigma, apical and sessile, with epidermis composed of elongated papillary cells, pattern of epidermis that is maintained throughout the stylar canal. Bitegmented, anatrope, pachychalazal ovule.733649661Adam, H., Jouannic, S., Morcillo, F., Verdeil, J.L., Duval, Y., Tregear, J.W., Determination of Flower Structure in Elaeis guineensis: Do Palms use the Same Homeotic Genes as Other Species? (2007) Annals of Botany, 100, pp. 1-12Askgaard, A., Stauffer, F.W., Hodel, D.R., Barfod, A., Floral structure in the neotropical palm genus Chamaedorea (Arecoideae, Arecaceae) (2008) Anales Del Jardín Botánico De Madrid, 65, pp. 197-210Asmussen, C.B., Dransfield, J., Deickmann, V., Barfod, A.S., Pintaud, J.C., Baker, W.J., A new subfamily classification of the palm family (Arecaceae): Evidence from plastid DNA phylogeny (2006) Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 151, pp. 15-38Bacelar-Lima, C.G., Mendonça, M.S., Barbosa, T.C.S., Morfologia Floral de uma população de Tucumã, Astrocaryum aculeatum G. Mey. (Arecaceae) na Amazônia (2006) Acta Amazônica, 36, pp. 407-412Barth, O.M., Barbosa, A.F., Catálogo sistemático dos pólens das plantas arbóreas do Brasil Meridional XII-Palmae (1971) Memórias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 69 (3), pp. 425-433Borchsenius, F., Flowering biology of Geonoma irena and G. cuneata var. sodiroi (Arecaceae) (1997) Plant Sys-tematics Evolution, 208, pp. 187-196Brundett, M.C., Kendrick, B., Peterson, C.A., Efficient lipid staining in plant material with Sudan Red 7B or Fluoral Yellow 088 in polyethylene glycol-glycerol (1991) Biotechnic & Histochemistry, 66, pp. 111-116Bukatsch, F., Bemerkungen zur Doppelfarbung As-trablau-Safranin (1972) Mikrokosmos, 61, p. 255Carmelloguerreiro, S.M., Paoli, A.A.S., Estrutura do pericarpo e da semente de Astronium glaveolens Jacq. (Anacardiaceae) com notas anatômicas (2000) Revista Brasileira De Botânica, 23 (1), pp. 87-96Daher, A., Adam, H., Chabrillange, N., Collin, M., Mohamed, N., Tregear, J.W., Aberlencbertossi, F., Cell cycle arrest characterizes the transition from a bisexual floral bud to a unisexual flower in Phoenix dactylifera (2010) Annals of Botany, pp. 1-12Dransfield, J., Uhl, N.W., Asmussen, C.B.A., Baker, W.J., Harley, M.M., Lewis, C.E., (2008) Genera Palmarum - the Evolution and Classification of Palms, , Richmond, UK: Kew PublishingDop, P., Gautié, A., (1928) Manuel Technique, , 2 ed. Paris: J. LamaneGuevara, L.O., Jáuregui, D., Anatomía floral de Cocos nucifera L. 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Embryonic Development Of Syagrus Inajai (spruce) Becc. (arecaceae, Arecoideae), An Amazonian Palm

Syagrus inajai ('pupunharana') is a native palm of Brazil, with phytogeographic prevalence in the Amazon region. A morpho-anatomical analysis was undertaken in order to gain a better knowledge on the embryonic development and germinative process of the S. inajai. Plant material was collected from the Campus of the Universidade Federal do Amazonas-UFAM, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, and processed using standard morphological and anatomical techniques. The development process of the embryo takes ∼220 days, and is divided into four stages: proembryo, globular embryo, lateral cordiform and torpedo. The embryo is small, linear, and derived from the terminal cell of the proembryo, arising from mitotic divisions in the apical cell. The embryonic axis is straight, located in the proximal region, aligned parallel to the length of the embryo. The single cotyledon is formed by the ground meristem, procambium and protoderm. The procambium supplies the embryonic axis and the haustorium. Journal compilation © CSIRO 2013.618611621Aguiar, M.O., Mendonça, M.S., Morfo-anatomia da semente de Euterpe precatoria Mart. (Palmae) (2003) Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 25, pp. 37-42. , doi:10.1590/S0101-31222003000100007Araújo, M.G.P., Leitão, A.M., Mendonça, M.S., Morfologia do fruto e da semente de Inajá (Attalea maripa (Aubl.) Mart.)-PALMAE (2000) Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 22, pp. 31-38Baskin, C.C., Baskin, J.M., (1998) Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination, , Academic Press: San DiegoBiradar, N.V., Studiesonpalms: Embryology ofPhoenix pussilaGaertn. P acaulis and P. Reclinata JACQ (1968) Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B, 67, pp. 165-173Biradar, N.V., Mahabale, T.S., Studies on palms: Fruits, seeds and seed germination in the genus Phoenix L (1968) Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B, 70, pp. 55-65Charlo, H.C.O., Môro, F.V., Silva, V.L., Silva Silva, B.M., Bianco, S., Môro, J.R., Aspectos morfológicos, germinação e desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de Archontophoenix alexandrae (F. Mueller) H. Wendl. e Drude (ARECACEAE) em diferentes substratos (2006) Revista Árvore, 30, pp. 933-940. , doi:10.1590/S0100-67622006000600008Cronk, Q.B., (2009) The Molecular Organography of Plants, , Oxford University Press Inc.: New YorkDassanayake, M.D., Sivakadachchan, B., Germination and seedling structure of Borassus fiabellifer L (1973) Ceylon Journal Science, 10, pp. 157-166Dransfield, J., Uhl, N.W., Asmussen, C.B.A., Baker, W.J., Harley, M.M., Lewis, C.E., (2008) Genera Palmarum-the Evolution and Classification of Palms, , Kew Publishing: Royal Botanic GardensDuran, R., Franco, M., Estúdio demográfico de Pseudophoenix sargentii (1992) Bolletin de i'. Institute Français d'Études Andines, 21, pp. 609-621Fernandino, D., Hulme, J., Hughes, W.A., Oil palm embryogenesis: A biochemical and morphological study (1985) The Experimental Manipulation of Ovule Tissues, pp. 135-150. , Eds GP Chapman, SH Mantell, RW Daniels, Longman: New YorkGuignard, J.L., Embryogenie des Palmiers. Developpement de I'embryon chez le Chamaerops humilis L (1961) Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, 253, pp. 1834-1836Guignard, J.L., The development of cotyledon and shoot apex in monocotyledons (1984) Canadian Journal of Botany, 62, pp. 1316-1318Haccius, B.M., Vjk, P., Embryo development in Cocos nucifera L.: A critical contribution to a general understanding of palm embryogenesis (1979) Plant Systematics and Evolution, 132, pp. 91-106. , doi:10.1007/BF00983086Hemanthakumar, A.S., Preetha, T.S., Krishnan, P.N., Seeni, S., Utilization of zygotic embryos of an economic rattan palm Calamus thwaitesii Becc. (Arecaceae) for somaplant regeneration and cryobanking (2012) Biotech, 3, pp. 195-203Henderson, A., (1995) The Palms of the Amazon, , Oxford University Press: New YorkHenderson, F.M., Morphology and anatomy of palm seedlings (2006) Botanical Review, 72, pp. 273-329. , doi:10.1663/0006-8101(2006)72[273:MAAOPS]2.0.CO;2Henderson, A., Galeano, G., Bernal, R., (1995) Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas, , University Press: PrincetonIossi, E., Sader, R., Kfla, P., Barbosa, J.C., Efeitos de substratos e temperaturas na germinação de sementes de tamareira-anã (Phoenix roebelenni O'Brein) (2003) Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 25, pp. 63-69. , doi:10.1590/S0101-31222003000400009Johansen, D.A., (1950) Plant Embryology:embryogeny of the Spermatophyta, , Chronica Botanica: Waltham, MAKanchanapoom, K., Domyoas, P., The origin and development of Embryoids in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) embryo culture (1999) Science Asia, 25, pp. 195-202. , doi:10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.1999.25.195Karunaratne, S., Periyapperuma, K., Culture of immature embryos of coconut, Cocos nucifera L: Callus proliferation and somatic embryogenesis (1989) Plant Science, 62, pp. 247-253. , doi:10.1016/0168-9452(89)90087-3Köppen, W., (1931) Climatologia, , Fondo de Cultura Econômica: Buenos AiresKraus, J.E., Arduin, M., (1997) Manual Básico de Métodos em Morfologia Vegetal, , Edur: Rio de JaneiroKulkarni, K.M., Mahabalé, T.S., Studies on palms: Embryology of Livistona chinensis R. Br (1974) Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science, 68, pp. 1-17Leitman, P., Henderson, A., Noblick, L., Martins, R.C., (2012) Arecaceae in Lista de Espécies da Flora Do Brasil, , http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2012/FB015732, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, [Verified 1 January 2013]Lillie, R.D., (1965) Histopathologic Technic and Practical Histochemistry, , 3rd edn. McGraw Hill: New YorkMahabale, T.S., Biradar, N.V., (1967) Studies on palms: Embryology of Phoenix sylvestris Roxb. Proceedings of the Indian, 67, pp. 77-96. , Academy of ScienceMeerow, A.W., Broschat, T.K., Palm seed germination (2004) IFAS Cooperative Extension Bulletin, 274, pp. 1-10Miranda, I.P.A., Rabelo, A., (2006) Guia de Identificação de Palmeiras de Um Fragmento Florestal Urbano, , UFAM INPA: ManausMiranda, I.P.A., Rabelo, A., Bueno, C.R., Barbosa, E.M., Ribeiro, M.N.S., (2001) Frutos de Palmeiras da Amazônia, , MCT/INPA: ManausMoura, E.F., Ventrella, M.C., Motoike, S.Y., Anatomy, histochemistry and ultrastructure of seed and somatic embryo of Acrocomia aculeate (Arecaceae) (2010) Scientia Agricula Piracicaba, 67, pp. 399-407Moura, E.F., Ventrella, M.C., Motoike, S.Y., Sájúnior, A.Q., Carvalho, M., Manfio, C.E., Histological study of somatic embryogenesis induction on zygotic embryos of macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeate (Jacq.) Lodd ex Martius). 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Endosperm and embryogeny (1976) South African Journal of Botany, 42, pp. 285-299Sane, D., Aberlenc-Bertossi, F., Gassama-Dia, Y.K., Sagna, M., Trouslot, M.F., Duval, Y., Borgel, A., Histocytological analysis of callogenesis and somatic embryogenesis from cell suspensions of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) (2006) Annals of Botany, 98, pp. 301-308. , doi:10.1093/aob/mcl104Sylvestre, L.S., Leite, C.O., Triani, L., Estudo do desenvolvimento do fruto de Allagoptera arenaria (Gomes) O. Kuntze-Palmae (1989) Acta Botânia Brasilica, 2 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 183-187. , doi:10.1590/S0102-33061988000300016Tomlinson, P.B., (1990) The Structural Biology of Palms, , Oxford University Press: New YorkZona, S., Raphides in palm embryos and their systematic distribution (2004) Annals of Botany, 93, pp. 415-421. , doi:10.1093/aob/mch06

The Biology Of Oncideres Humeralis Thorms (coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) And New Cerambycidae-melastomataceae Host-plant Associations

Beetles in the genus Oncideres (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) are girdlers and borers that can cause plant mortality and alterations in the recruitment and age structure of their host-plant populations. Host-plant association, oviposition behavior, development and insect associates of Oncideres humeralis were studied in southeastern Brazil. Oncideres humeralis Thorms used four species of Melastomataceae as host plants. Females oviposited in forks of branches and their larvae fed on the parenchyma tissue of the forks. Histological analyses showed that these sites were the softest parts of the branches and provided an entrance for newly hatched larvae. Females prepared their oviposition sites with their mandibles, and inserted their ovipositors into the slits to deposit one to three eggs under the bark. We found about six oviposition slits per branch and a mean of eight eggs per branch. The larvae bored into and grew inside the girdled branches. Larval development took 10-12 months. Another cerambycid, Temnopsis megacephala Germ, developed in the thinner sections of branches that had been girdled by O. humeralis and was thus considered a secondary colonizer. © 2006 Taylor & Francis.413227233Austin, A.D., Quicke, D.L.J., Marsh, P.M., The hymenopterous parasitoids of eucalyptus longicorn beetles, Phoracantha spp. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Australia (1994) Bull Entomol Res, 84, pp. 145-174Berkov, A., Meurer-Grimes, B., Purzycki, K.L., Do Lecythidaceae specialists (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) shun fetid tree species? (2000) Biotropica, 32, pp. 440-451Bertels, A., Baucke, O., Segunda relação das pragas das plantas cultivadas no Rio Grande do Sul (1966) Pesq Agropec Bras, 1, pp. 17-46Buck, P.P., Insetos criados em galhos cortados (1957) Iheringia, 4, pp. 1-7Bukatsch, F., Bemerkungen zur Doppelfärbung Astrablau-Safranin (1972) Mikrokosmos, 61, p. 255Cannon, K.F., Robinson, W.H., An artificial diet for laboratory rearing of the old house borer, Hylotrupes bajulus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (1982) Can Entomol, 114, pp. 739-742Caraglio, Y., Nicolini, E., Petronelli, P., Observations on the links between the architecture of a tree (Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff) and Cerambycidae activity in French Guiana (2001) J Trop Ecol, 17, pp. 459-463Coulson, R.N., Population dynamics of bark beetles (1979) Annu Rev Entomol, 24, pp. 417-447Gerrits, P.O., (1991) The Application of Glycol Methacrylate in HistotechnologySome Fundamental Principles, , Groningen (Netherlands): State University of GroningenGoldsmith, S.K., The mating system and alternative reproductive behaviors of Dendrobias mandibularis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (1987) Behav Ecol Sociobiol, 20, pp. 111-115Haack, R.A., Slansky, Fr., Nutritional ecology of wood-feeding Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera (1987) Nutritional Ecology of Insects, Mites, Spiders and Related Invertebrates, pp. 449-456. , Slansky F Jr, Rodriguez JG, editors. New York: John Wiley and SonsHanks, L.M., Influence of the larval host plant on reproductive strategies of cerambycid beetles (1999) Annu Rev Entomol, 44, pp. 483-505Hanks, L.M., McElfresh, J.S., Millar, J.C., Paine, T.D., Phoracantha semipunctata (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a serious pest of Eucalyptus in California: Biology and laboratory-rearing procedures (1993) Ann Entomol Soc Am, 86, pp. 96-102Hanks, L.M., Millar, J.G., Paine, T.D., Biology and ecology of the eucalyptus longhorned borer (Phoracantha semipunctata F.) in southern California (1990) Proceedings of the 39th Meeting of the California Forest Pest Council, pp. 12-16. , Adams D, Rios J, editors. Sacramento (CA)Hanks, L.M., Millar, J.G., Paine, T.D., Evaluation of cold temperatures and density as mortality factors of the eucalyptus longhorned borer (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in California (1991) Environ Entomol, 20, pp. 1653-1658Hanks, L.M., Millar, J.G., Paine, T.D., Biological constraints on host-range expansion by the wood-boring beetle Phoracantha semipunctata (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (1995) Ann Entomol Soc Am, 88, pp. 183-188Hanks, L.M., Paine, T.D., Millar, J.G., Mechanisms of resistance in Eucalyptus against larvae of the eucalyptus longhorned borer (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (1991) Environ Entomol, 20, pp. 1583-1587Hanks, L.M., Paine, T.D., Millar, J.G., Host species preference and larval performance in the wood-boring beetle Phoracantha semipunctata F (1993) Oecologia, 95, pp. 22-29Hanks, L.M., Paine, T.D., Millar, J.G., Campbell, C.D., Schuch, U.K., Water relations of host trees and resistance to the phloem-boring beetle Phoracantha semipunctata F. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (1999) Oecologia, 119, pp. 400-407Leitão-Filho, H.F., A flora arbórea da Serra do Japi (1992) História Natural da Serra do Japi: Ecologia e Preservaç ão de uma Área Florestal no Sudeste do Brasil, pp. 40-62. , Morellato LPC, editor. Campinas (Brazil): Editora da Unicamp/FAPESPLinsley, E.G., The Cerambycidae of North America. Part I. Introduction (1961) Univ Calif Publ Entomol, 18, pp. 1-97Martins, U.R., Cerambycidae Sul-Americanos (Coleoptera) I (1997) Soc Bras Entomol (São Paulo)Matter, S.F., Population density and area: The role of between- and within-patch processes (1997) Oecologia, 110, pp. 533-538Matter, S.F., Landry, J.B., Greco, A.M., Lacourse, C.D., Importance of floral phenology and florivory for Tetraopes tetraophthalmus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): Tests at the population and individual level (1999) Environ Entomol, 26, pp. 1044-1051Metcalfe, C.R., Chalk, L., (1950) Anatomy of Dicotyledons, (PART 1), pp. 637-649. , Oxford: Clarendon PressO'Brien, T.P., Feder, N., McCully, M.E., Polychromatic staining of plant cell walls by toluidine blue O (1965) Protoplasma, 59, pp. 368-373Paulino Neto, H.F., Lenhadores da natureza (2004) Ciênc Hoje, 35, pp. 67-69Paulino Neto, H.F., Romero, G.Q., Vasconcellos-Neto, J., Interactions between Oncideres humeralis Thomson (Coleóptera: Cerambycidae) and Melastomataceae: Host-plant selection and patterns of host use in south-east Brazil (2005) Neotrop Entomol, 34, pp. 7-14Pinto, H.S., Clima da Serra do Japi (1992) História Natural da Serra do Japi: Ecologia e Preservaç ão de uma Área Florestal no Sudeste do Brasil, pp. 30-38. , Morellato LPC, editor. Campinas (Brazil): Editora da Unicamp/FAPESPPowell, W., Colonization of twelve species of Eucalyptus by Phoracanta semipunctata (F.) (Coleopetra: Cerambycidae) in Malawi (1978) Bull Entomol Res, 68, pp. 621-626Rice, M.E., Branch girdling and oviposition biology of Oncideres pustulatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on Acacia farnesiana (1989) Ann Entomol Soc Am, 82, pp. 181-186Rice, M.E., Branch girdling by Oncideres cingulata (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and relative host quality of persimmon, hickory, and elm (1995) Ann Entomol Soc Am, 88, pp. 451-455Romero, G.Q., Paulino Neto, H.F., Vasconcellos-Neto, J., The effects of the wood-boring Oncideres humeralis (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) on the number and size structure of its host-plants in south-east Brazil (2005) J Trop Ecol, 21, pp. 233-236Wang, Q., Shi, G., Davis, L.K., Reproductive potential and daily reproductive rhythms of Oemona hirta (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (1998) J Econ Entomol, 91, pp. 1360-1365Way, M.J., Cammell, M.E., Paiva, M.R., Studies on egg predation by ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) especially on the eucalyptus borer Phoracantha semipunctata (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Portugal (1992) Bull Entomol Res, 82, pp. 425-43